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Fast, cheap and somewhat in control
Opinion
Fast, cheap and somewhat in control
Adam P Arkin*??, Daniel A Fletcher?§
Addresses: *Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ?Physical
Biosciences Division, E.O. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. ?Virtual Institute of Microbial Stress and
Survival, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA. §Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Correspondence: Adam P Arkin. E-mail: aparkin@
Published: 30 August 2006
Genome Biology 2006, 7:114 (doi:10.1186/gb-2006-7-8-114)
The electronic version of this article is the complete one and can be
found online at /2006/7/8/114
? 2006 BioMed Central Ltd
Abstract
Efforts to manipulate living organisms have raised the question of whether engineering principles
of hierarchy, abstraction and design can be applied to biological systems. Here, we consider the
practical challenges to controlling living organisms that must be surmounted, or at least managed,
if synthetic biology and cellular bioengineering are to be productive.
Manipulating biology through the ages
industries of the 20th century [2]. After the introduction of
The natural world around us is not quite so natural. Over
many generations, societies have engaged in a struggle to
mold nature to serve the needs, real and perceived, of their
members. From cultivating grains to mining coal, we have
sought to address local and global demands for food,
genetically engineered herbicide- and insect-resistant
crops in 1995, genetically engineered maize is now more
than 20% of the US crop, and approximately 80% of the US
soybean crop is now genetically engineered [3].
shelter,
health,
and
convenience
through
technology
Engineered biological systems are being used to address a
wide variety of society’s needs. Examples include the pro-
duction of insulin and more than 200 o
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