第一章翻译课导引教材.pptVIP

A good translation is one which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language as to be as distinctly apprehended and as strongly felt by a native of the country to which that language belongs as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. 好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。(泰特勒，1790) 功能目的论 功能派翻译理论兴起于20世纪70年代的德国。 译者在整个翻译过程中的参照系应是译文在译语文化环境中预期达到的一种或几种交际功能。翻译是以原文为基础的有目的、有结果的行为，这一行为必须经过协商来完成；翻译必须遵循“目的法则”、“语内连贯法则”和“语际连贯法则”，其中目的法则居于首位，也就是说，译文取决于翻译的目的。 克里斯汀娜?诺德： “功能+忠诚” 译文不仅仅要忠实传达原文内容、异国文化色彩和语体风格，而且要在分析原文的基础上进行必要的调整，以实现译文预期的功能。 诺德把翻译定义为“创作使其发挥某种功能的译语文本”，强调原文和译文之间必须有一定的联系，而这种联系的质量和数量是由预期译文功能确定的。 翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。 Translation is an activity of reproducing in one language the ideas which have been expressed in another language. A. Yan Fu’s (严复) “three character guide”, which was first proposed in 1898, is the principle of “faithfulness, expressiveness, and elegance” (信、达、雅). “译事三难：信、达、雅” B. Some revisions such as faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness (信、达、切); faithfulness, expressiveness and fitness (信、达、贴), C. Fu Lei’s (傅雷) spiritual conformity/resemblance in spirit （神似) D. Qian Zhongshu (钱钟书) transmigration (化境) E. 鲁迅：翻译：力求其易解, 保存原作的丰姿。反对牛头不对马嘴，提出“宁信而不顺”之原则。 林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美” 瞿秋白的“信顺统一” 许渊冲的“音美、形美、意美（三美）” 十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大·泰特勒(Alexander Fraser Tytler, 1747-1814)。他在《论翻译的原则》(Essay on the Principles of Translation)一书中提出了著名的翻译三原则： （1）译文应完全复写出原作的思想（A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.） （2）译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同(The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original.) （3）译文应和原作同样流畅(A translation should have all the ease of the original composition.） 佳句欣赏： Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or almost slept, upon the water, a gentle quivering along showing that it was not complete sleep, or if sleep, th