四级作文素材.doc

第五节 写作内容储备 　　从上表可以看出，四级题目涉及到社会生活的各个方面，但可大体归纳为几个方面，下面就是对各个主要方面常见的内容的介绍。 　　一、 环境(Environment) 　　Like all other living beings, humans have clearly changed their environment, but they have done so generally on a grander scale than have other species. Some of these changes—such as the destruction of the world’s tropical rain forests to create grazing land for cattle or the drying up of almost three-quarters of the Aral Sea, once the world’s fourth-largest freshwater lake, for irrigation purposes—have led to altered climate patterns, which in turn have changed the distribution of species of animals and plants. Scientists are working to understand the long-term consequences that human actions have on ecosystems, while environmentalists—professionals in various fields, as well as concerned citizens in the United States and other countries—are struggling to lessen the impact of human activity on the natural world. Population Growth(人口增长) 　　Human population growth may be seen to be at the root of virtually all of the world’s environmental problems. Increasingly large numbers of people are being added to the world every year. As the number of people increases, more pollution is generated, more habitats are destroyed, and more natural resources are used up. Even if new technological advances were able to cut in half the environmental impact that each person had, as soon as the world’s population size doubled, the earth would be no better off than before. 　　The Population Division of the United Nations predicts that the 5.63 billion humans alive in 1994 will increase to 6.23 billion in the year 2000, 8.47 billion in 2025, and 10.02 billion in 2050. The UN’s estimate assumes that population will peak and stabilize at 11.6 billion in 2200. 　　Although it is true that rates of population increase are now much slower in the developed world than in the developing world, it would be a mistake to assume that the population growth problem is primarily a problem of developing countries. I