第六章第与二节 动量守恒定律及其应用.pptVIP

(2)挖掘临界条件 在与动量相关的临界问题中，临界条件常常表现为两物体的相对速度关系与相对位移关系，即速度相等或位移相等．正确把握以上两点是求解这类问题的关键． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 变式训练1 如图6－2－3所示，甲车质量m1＝20 kg，车上有质量M＝50 kg的人,甲车(连同车上的人)以v＝3 m/s的速度向右滑行.此时质量m2＝50 kg的乙车正以v0＝1.8 m/s的速度迎面滑来，为 了避免两车相撞，当两车相距适当距 离时，人从甲车跳到乙车上， Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 求人跳出甲车的水平速度(相对地面)应当在什么范围内才能避免两车相撞？ (不计地面和小车间的摩擦，设乙车足够长，取g＝10 m/s2) 图6－2－3 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 解析：以人、甲车、乙车组成系统，由动量守恒得： (m1＋M)v－m2v0＝(m1＋m2＋M)v′，解得：v′＝1 m/s. 以人与甲车组成系统，人跳离甲车过程动量守恒，得 (m1＋M)v＝m1v′＋Mu，解得u＝3.8 m/s. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 因此，只要人跳离甲车的速度u≥3.8 m/s，就可避免两车相撞． 答案：大于等于3.8 m/s Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (2010·高考大纲全国卷Ⅱ)小球A和B的质量分别为mA和mB，且mA＞mB.在某高度处将A和B先后从静止释放．小球A与水平地面碰撞后向上弹回,在释放处下方与释放处距离为H的地方恰好与正在下落的小球B发生正碰． 碰撞规律的应用 例2 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 设所有碰撞都是弹性的，碰撞时间极短．求小球A、B碰撞后B上升的最大高度． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 【方法总结】　本题考查了动量守恒和运动学的有关知识，解答本题要注意两小球碰撞过程中动量守恒，能量也守恒． Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 变式训练2 (创新题)如图6－2－4所 示，在光滑水平面上放