the attributive clause 定语从句归纳总结.docVIP

the attributive clause 定语从句 定义：在复合句中修饰，限定某一n. pron或相当于n的词组或句子的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句也叫形容词性从句。 模式：先行词+引导词+从句 先行词：被定语从句修饰的对象叫先行词，先行词通常是名词词组，但也可以是整个句子或句中述及的某一事件。 引导词即关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。 关系词：关系代词：who whom whose that which as 关系副词：when where why 关系词通常有下列三个作用： 引导定语从句 代替先行词 在定语从句中担当一个成分，关系代词在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。关系副词在从句中作状语。 定语从句的分类 限定性定语从句：对先行词进行修饰，限制，是先行词不可缺少的定语，如去掉这个从句，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。在形式上，关系词与先行词之间无逗号。 非限制性定语从句：对先行词不是进行修饰，限制而是对先行词进行补充和进一步说明，若去掉，主句仍能表达完整意思。在形式上，先行词与关系词之间有一逗号。常译成主句的并列句。 Eg: 1) The students who went to see the film were very disappointed. 2) The students, who went to see the film, were very disappointed. 四．定语从句的用法 1）who引导的定语从句，先行词是表人的n或pron，在从句中作主语或宾语。 Eg. Is there any other reader who wants to renew his book? His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1818. 2) whom引导的定语从句，先行词是表人的n或pron，在从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中常可省略，在口语或非正式语中也可用who代替。 Eg. The boy whom/who the teacher often praises is their monitor. He is the man whom/who I saw yesterday. The engineer, whom/who I met in the office, worked very hard. 3) which 引导的定语从句 ① 先行词是表物的名词或代词，在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。在限制性定语从句中作宾语或表语时可省略。 Eg. I’ve looked the words up in the dictionary which I borrowed from my teacher. Fruit trees which once grew only in China can be found in many parts of the world. The book, which I bought yesterday, is Hary Porter. ② 先行词不是某个n或pron，而是前面整个主句内容。 Eg. She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. He finished the work two days ahead, which made us very happy. My parents treat me as a child, which I can’t bear. 4) that 只能引导限制性定语从句。先行词是表人或物的n或pron时，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，作宾语或表语时that 可省略。 Eg. The number of people who/that lost homes reached as many as 250,000. It sounded like a train which/that was going under my house. The woman that/who/whom I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal. 5) whose引导的定语从句，先行词指人或物的n或pron，要在从句中作定语。 Eg. The classroom whose door/ the door or which/ o