非谓语完整版.docVIP

非谓语动词 动词非谓语形式有三种： 动词不定式 to do 分词 现在分词 doing 过去分词 done 动名词 doing 特点： 动词非谓语形式不随主语的人称和数的变化而变化，故又称为非限定性动词 动词非谓语形式仍具有动词的一般特点， 可以带有自己的宾语、状语等构成短语。 非谓语动词在句中不能单独做谓语动词。 动词不定式 形态/ 语态 主动 被动 一般式 to write to be written 进行式 to be writing ---------------- 完成式 to have written to have been written 完成进行式 to have been writing ------------------ 现在分词和动名词 一般式 Writing being written 完成式 Having written having been written 过去分词 一般 ------------------ Written 非谓语形式 主语 表语 定语 宾语 宾语补足语 状语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 分词 √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ I. 动词不定式 1.作主语 To ask him for help is necessary. 特殊句型： １．It is + adj. + to do (sth.) It is necessary to give up smoking. 2．It is + adj. + for/of sb. + to do (sth.) 当形容词表示人的性格特征、心理变化、品质时，用“of”，如:right, wrong, brave, careful, careless, thoughtful, cruel, nice, good, kind, honest, polite, impolite,rude, stupid, silly, foolish, clever, wise, unwise, natural, strange, etc.如： It is stupid of him to make such a mistake. 当形容词表示事物的特征、特点时,用 for,如: It was impossible for you to sleep on such a small bed. 2作表语 Her wish is to become a pop singer. She doesn’t seem to like the idea. What our astronauts desire to do is (to) walk in space. 3作宾语 能直接跟不定式做宾语的动词有： want, like, wish, hate, prefer, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer, start, forget, remember, begin, decide, choose, agree, promise, pretend, mean, expect, desire, intend, learn, determine, attempt, etc. I expect to see you tomorrow. He offered to help us.， 在复合宾语中，用it代替不定式做形式宾语，把真正的宾语不定式放在后面。 I find it interesting to study English. 4 作定语 Have you got anything to say? She was the first person to think of the idea. The nurse has five children to look after. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词代词是不定式的地点、工具等，不定式须有相应的介词（但如果不定式所修饰的名词如果是Time, place, way时， 介词习惯上省去。） I use a pen to write with. He had no place to live (in). A chair to sit on a river to swim in A knife to cut a cake with 试比较： I have something to wash. “Do you have something to be washed?” asked the maid. 5作状语 a. 目的状语 To catch the