语法非谓语动词精讲.docVIP

非谓语动词 非谓语动词指不定式，动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。他们具有名词和形容词的某些特征，因而可以做主语，表语，宾语，定语和状语。 I 动词不定式动词不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成，如to laugh, to shout, 在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语等。1.动词不定式的形式 时态 主动态 被动态 一般式 to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing 例1：John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）例2：He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)例3：He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)例4：He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)例5：This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)例6：We’re happy to have been working with you. (完成进行式) 2.动词不定式在句中充当的成分(1)作主语。例如：To see you is always a pleasure.To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.To make money is not the only purpose of our life.在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。例如：It feels good to be out here for a while.It’s difficult for me to recall his name. (2)作动词的宾语，常用在以下动词后：afford, agree, ask, attempt, bet, bother, begin, cease, claim, decline, demand, desire, dislike, expect, hasten, hate, hope, learn, decide, seem, intend, try, hesitate, permit, refuse, manage, order, compel, persuade, tend, fail, consent, choose, forget, mean, pledge, pretend, promise, seek, refuse, struggle, threaten, venture, volunteer, wait, wish 等。例如：He managed to pass the exam.He persuaded me to accept the invitation.He promised to be here at nine.I didn’t expect to see you here.在某些复合宾语中，常先用it代表不定式，而把不定式放到后面去。例如：He considered it better to leave now.I found it impossible to finish the work on time.(3)作定语（常置于名词之后）。由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词或代词的的宾语 (ability, ambition, anything, attempt, capability, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination, effort, failure, intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something, tendency, time, way, wish)??? 例如:She is always the first student to arrive at school.He is always the last one to leave the office.I don’t think he is the best man t