资料总结(被动语态、主语从句).docVIP

一】被动语态（Passive Voice） 1. 被动语态的定义和意义 语态是描述句子中动词和参与此动作之主语之间关系的一个术语。 动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。 主语是动作的发起者为主动语态；主语是动作的承受者、接受者为被动语态→“No, I wasn’t asked questions in English.”“没有，没有用英语问我问题。” Is the restaurant being decorated? 那家餐馆正在装修吗？ The restaurant is not being decorated. In fact the restaurant has never been decorated。 那家餐馆没有在装修。实际上，那家餐馆从来没有装修过。 3. 使用背景：（1）不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者。换个说法，有一件事情不知道是谁干的或者不想说出是谁干的，这时就用被动语态。 Eg：I felt a littlie nervous when I was being interviewed. 我接受面试的时候，有点紧张。 That place has been turned into a swimming pool. 那个地方已被变成游泳池。 说话或发表意见时，为了显得客观公正，也常用被动语态。 Eg：He’s said/believed/reported to be in the U. S. A. 据说/据信/据报道他在美国。 还有下列常用句型（that后面跟句子）： It is said that……. 据说 It is reported that……. 据报道 It is hoped that……. 希望 It is believed that……. 人们相信 It is announced that……. 据宣布 it is (well) known that……. 众所周知 It has been decided that……. 已经决定 It is supposed that……. 人们认为 It is suggested that……. 有人建议 It must be remembered that……. 务必记住 It is taken for granted that……. 被视为当然 4. 注意事项：不能用于被动语态的动词 （1）不及物动词不能用于被动语态，因为它们没有宾语。 （2）表示状态而不是动作的及物动词，如 break out, belong to, cost, deserve, fit, have ( 有、使)，hold (盛下、装下)，lack, resemble, suit, take part in, take place, want, wish等动词不能变为被动语态。 Eg：Everybody wanted Doris to be the manager. 大家都想让多里斯来当经理. We like everybody to say what they think. 我们喜欢让人人都说出他们的看法。 Do you wish me to stay？ 你希望我留下吗？ （3）短语动词中有些用于被动结构，有些不可以。但没有规律可循，只能个别掌握： I was very well looked after when I was working there.我在那里工作的时候，得到很好的照顾。 Everybody agreed with me. 大家都同意我的意见。（不能说 I was agreed with by everybody.） （4）反身代词和each other, one another作宾语时不能变为被动。 Eg：They acknowledged themselves to be defeated. 他们承认他们自己被击败了。 She praised herself. 她自我表扬。 He ruined himself. 他毁了自己。 5. 特殊被动句： （1）有些动词形式上是主动，意义上是被动。 Eg:School begins in September.学校九月份开学。 The library doesn’t open on Sunday. 图书馆星期天不开放。 （2）make, see, watch, hear, notice, feel等使役动词和感官动词的宾语后面可以接不带to的不定式作宾补。但在被动语态中，不定式符号to必须补上。 Eg:They made him go. 他们让他去。He was made to go. 他被要求去了。 I heard him say good-bye to his friend