Grammar part2从句.docVIP

Grammar——从句 1.名词性从句 名词性从句在复合句中起名词的作用，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句四大类，在句中分别用作主语、宾语、表语和同位语。在从句中应遵循主语在前谓语在后的陈述语序，从句根据句意需要应由相应的连接词引导。引导名词性从句的连接词有that，what，whatever，who，whoever, when，whenever，where，wherever，how，which，why，whether等。that引导名词性从句的时候，没有词义，也不担当任何句子成分，在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中均不省略，只有在宾语从句中有时可省略。 1.1 主语从句 在复合句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。为了强调主语从句的内容，可将从句置于句首。但为了保持句子平衡，主语从句常用it作形式主语，将主语从句后置。 e.g. Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. 足球比赛是否举行将视天气而定。 e.g. It is no wonder that he is not hungry; he has been eating sweets all day. 难怪他不饿，他整天在吃糖果。 Examples 1. _________ (很多人所没有意识到的）is that Simon is a lover of sports, and football in particular. (2009.6) Key: What many people haven’t realized 2. ________ (大多数父母所关心的）is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.1) Key: What most parents care about/What concerns most parents 3. It is universally acknowledged __________________ (狗的嗅觉很灵敏). Key: that dogs have an acute sense of smell 1.2 宾语从句 1.2.1 动词+宾语从句 I do not doubt that he can recite the poem. 我相信他能把这首诗背下来。 【注】doubt用于肯定句中用if/whether引导宾语从句，但用于否定句和疑问句中要用that引导宾语从句。 1.2.2 介词+宾语从句 The students always pay attention to whatever the teacher is saying． 不管老师说什么，同学们总是注意听。 1.2.3 关于that的省略 一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。但在下列几种情况，that一般不省略。 a) 在某些固定短语中 Peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless. 彼得是个好学生，只是有时粗心。 b)并列连词and连接两个或两个以上宾语从句时，and前面的that可以省略，and后面的that不能省略。 My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month. 我叔叔说他在这儿已工作20年了，下个月即将退休。 c)主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入成分，that不可省略。 He said that, if he could manage it, he would come for dinner. 他说，如果他安排得好的话，他会来吃晚饭。 d)宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。 He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night. 他告诉我，如果需要的话，他们就干个通宵。 Examples 1. There is a nice-looking car there. Peter wonders ________. A) it belongs to who B) whom does it belong to C) whom it belongs to D) who does it belong to 【答案】C。那边有辆好看的车，彼得想知道它的主人是谁。 2. Recent studies have posed the question