清代江南的卫生观念与行为及其近代变迁初探--以环境和用水卫生为中心.pdfVIP

2ω6 年5 月 M.v.2悦胁 ;青史研究 Studies in Ointl Hi创阿 No. 2 一垒主塑 贝鲁·砾榄 满代江南的卫生观愈与行为 及真近代变迁初探 ……以环境和用水卫生为中心 余新忠 ………………………………………… [摘要]本主JI:J. j青代且南为研究坤卑，从与当时的民生密切相是尚且在近代变迁过程中比较受到关注的环境 与用中卫生等方雨入手，初步考察了清代江南的卫生现念句行为Jt.近代史迁。认均在传统时期，国事基本上 没有是于公羔卫生的立法，倪在刻也方官府和社帝的层面上，相关的观念和行为 !þ 有存在，大放可以保持自然和 社舍生态的相冲平衡。品i且以降，随着江南自身社舍草草珑的变化和尚才立明的输入，众事士人针对旧有卫生体 革的弊栋，认为有品要引人寺门的管理机构、制度，制订日常巡查烙罚串串，即直接以公共和闽靠的权力介入 卫生的统常性管政.从而使卫生事业边渐由个别的、由均的、缺走舍门管玻的行为逐步转竟成品统化的、有组 织的、纳入官方职权范阔的工作℃ [关键诩]江南卫生观念卫生行为 [中翻分#è号]肌49 [文献标i.R码1 A [文章编号1 1 ∞2-8587 (2∞6)ω02ω0012ω15 An Initial S阳dy of Sanitalion Conc叩ts 削.d Behnvior iu .Jlangnnu du由ll加 Q问Dynasty aud Their Vicissitude. in Muderu Tim阳 1旧be h附时10叫附η可， of 阔旧阳.tÌû阳n inCι:hi朋 脚pe肘ciωall忡y 阳i np阳 ω 阳。ωdel1l川t阳酣， ha峭sb嗣n fu阳mda棚阳nn忧阳en嗣阳ually 嗣@咕自n gl肘Le叫d. B踹eωdü刷唰』川lQ巾l川I川h dyr刊n】M皿姐出A且t咛y Jiang伊n盯酬1 ， 巾圳th刷I附， .制Iηrtl饥忧1优ωde undertakes an inìtial study of sanita町 conc叩t~ and behavior and theír variations from modern practices. From the persp~ti\e 0 1 the cnvirorunent , waler sanÎtatiûn al\d other aspects (lf s创让talÎon that ìmping以I Oll eVè町 day life when com阳red to modem sa:旧tation many scholars have (ßnclud时 th.t the Qing public he.l由 le伊lation was in叫 叫闻te 00 a oational scale, However I at the regional and locallcv~hj conceptf and behavior conceming publir health I which balanced the oatural 皿d 皿éial eculogics , did t~xist. Fmm the rei伊S of th配 Jïaqïng and J)aoguang emperors I along wïth changes in the social environment and intl1J sion of Western civilizatîon , sanitary conc叩恼 ùlldp阳ctÎces in J础ngnan under.嗣 went a 附nes of (hanges. Numerous intellectuals