InfectionPrevention1课件.pptVIP

All original materials copyrighted ? 2001 by EngenderHealth. Material from this course may be reproduced and distributed without permission, so long as EngenderHealth is acknowledged as the source. Topics Covered Disease Transmission Who is at risk? Healthcare Workers Patients Community Disease Transmission How are infections transmitted from one person to another? Infections are caused by tiny organisms called microorganisms There are some types of microorganisms that are normally located on and inside the human body. Other types of microorganisms that are not normally found on the human body and usually cause disease. These are called pathogens. Disease Transmission Infections are transmitted when these microorganisms are passed from one person or object to another person. ALL microorganisms can cause infection or disease For example: If you pick up a contaminated object, microorganisms from that object can contaminate your hand. If you touch other objects or persons with your contaminated hand, you can pass the microorganisms on to them. If you have a cut on your hand when you touch a contaminated object, the microorganisms can enter your bloodstream and cause an infection. Disease Transmission There are four ways that infections are transmitted: Contact - Direct transfer of microorganisms through touch (staphylococcus), sexual intercourse (gonorrhea, HIV), fecal/oral transmission (hepatitis A, shigella), or droplets (influenza, TB) Vehicle - Material that serves as a means of transfer of the microorganisms. This can be food (salmonella), blood (HIV, HBV), water (cholera, shigella), or instruments and other items used during clinical procedures (HBV, HIV, pseudomonas) Airborne - Microorganisms can be carried by air currents (measles, TB) Vector - Invertebrate animals can transmit the microorganisms (mosquito: malaria and yellow fever; flea: plague) HIV and Hepatitis B Transmission HIV and Hep B can be transmitted through: Blood/other body fluids: