化学致癌感化(国外英文资料).docVIP

化学致癌作用 ? Chemical carcinogenesis (chemical carcinogenesis) refers to chemicals that cause or induce normal cells undergo malignant transformation and developed into the process of tumor, have this kind of effect of chemicals called chemical carcinogens (chemical carcinogen). A carcinogen is an agent whose administration to previously untreated animals leads to A statistically significant increased incidence of neoplasms of one or more histogenetic types as compared with the incidence in appropriate untreated animals ? First seen in 1775 Pott (UK) : the scrotum cancer of the chimney worker; Related to occupational, soot is a direct cause of cancer ? The industrial revolution of the late 19th century led to a rapid increase in synthetic chemicals. 1895 Rehn (DE) : the occupational bladder cancer of the dye factory; The suspicion is that the chemical causes Ca; ? In the mountains of 1915 and the city of sichuan (Japan) : coal tar smears rabbit ears to induce experimental skin cancer; 1922 Kennway: a variety of pahs from coal tar, several of which can cause skin cancer; To confirm the carcinogenicity of chemicals; ? 1945 Case (English) : the chemical bladder cancer of the dye industry, which confirms the carcinogenicity of beta-naphthylamine and benzidine; Failure to understand the mechanism of carcinogenesis; ? In the early 1950s, the discovery of the double helix of DNA led to a breakthrough in molecular biology and a broad prospect for mechanisms to study the effects of carcinogenesis. In particular, after identifying the effects of oncogenes on DNA damage and genetic mutations, a hit theory was proposed that a single mutation could cause cancer. This is directly related to the creation of Ames. ? Around 1970, the IARC: 80 to 90 percent of human cancers were related to environmental factors, with chemical factors accounting for more than 90 percent. The first stage of the chemical carcinogenesis A multi-stage theory of cell carcinogenesis Two, genetic predisposition