国家自然科学基金介绍与科研选题.pptVIP

一、 国家自然科学基金委员会的历史沿革 1986.2.14 国务院发出“关于成立国家自然科学基金委员会的通知”，决定“为了加强基础研究和部分应用研究工作，逐步实行科学基金制，国务院决定成立国家自然科学基金委员会”。明确其任务是:“根据国家发展科学技术方针、政策和规则，有效地运用科学基金，指导、协调和资助基础研究和部分应用工作，发现和培养人才，促进科学技术和经济、社会发展”。 二、国家自然科学基金委员会的组织概况 三、国家自然科学基金项目类型 科研选题及课题申请书的撰写 一、科研工作的基本程序 二、选题 1. 定义 2. 选题的基本要求 3. 题目的种类、性质和来源 4. 选题的程序 三、课题研究计划书（课题申请书） 1. 研究计划需要回答的问题 2. 研究计划书的基本组成部分 3. 研究申请书的撰写注意事项 ??Immunodiagnostic approaches have been, in reality, integrated into the control program in China as a way of identifying the target individuals for treatment or re-treatment since early 1980s, and , to a certain extent, they have been adapted indiscriminately. ?? Almost all assays, so far developed, of both antibody and antigen detections were performed poorer in terms of sensitivity and particularly, specificity than their performance in the laboratories where they were developed. ?? No one thought that the advent of the assays available had been improved sufficiently enough to offer an alternative to parasitological diagnosis. ? antibody-based serological assays can not distinguish active infections from previous infection or re-infection ? antigen-based assays are also not valuable as expected ?? Until this time, it is not possible to expect that the existing immunodiagnostic approach based on the qualitative detection of both antibody and antigen can meet the requirements for epidemiological studies and control programs of schistosomiasis due to the complexity and indefiniteness in the fate of molecular targets for immunological recognition. ?? Re-identifying the target of field immunodiagnostics—public health use ?? The immunodiagnostic approaches for public health use could be ignorant of individual identification of the infection (definitive diagnosis) What’s the fundamental way out for the future use of schistasomiasis immunodiagnostics Hypothetical full frequency distribution of actual results (titer) in an endemic community may shown as a bimodal. Comments on current pra