机械装备构件轻量化主要技术途径的探讨_钟群鹏.pdf

第 48 卷第 18 期 机 械 工 程 学 报 Vol.48 No.18 2 0 1 2 年 9 月 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING Sep. 2 0 1 2 DOI ：10.3901/JME.2012.18.002 机械装备构件轻量化主要技术途径的探讨 钟群鹏 有移亮 张 峥 吴素君 骆红云 (北京航空航天大学材料科学与工程学院 北京 100191) 摘要：在对机械装备构件轻量化的基本原则和主要技术依据进行概括的基础上，就机械装备构件轻量化强度设计技术进行探 讨，分别在简单拉伸、弯曲、扭转、疲劳等受力状态下，对简单形状构件轻量化强度设计判据进行分析，并进一步得到构件 轻量化强度设计通用判据；对铁、钛、铝、镁、钴等金属基体合金轻量化性能指标进行比较，并进一步提出逐步建立构件轻 量化材料性能指标体系的设想；对机械装备构件轻量化成形工艺和表面改性技术的作用进行概括，并提出通过工艺技术提高 构件材料的强度(或屈服强度) 、提高构件截面形状的抗弯截面系数(或抗扭截面系数) 、提高表面层材料的强度(或屈服强度) 和改变构件表面为压应力状态等工艺途径来达到构件轻量化目的。 关键词：机械装备 构件 轻量化 强度设计准则 材料性能指标 成形工艺 表面改性 中图分类号：TG14 On the Main Technical Ways to Lightweight Mechanical Equipment Components ZHONG Qunpeng YOU Yiliang ZHANG Zheng WU Sujun LUO Hongyun (School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191) Abstract ：The basic principles and main technologies of lightweight mechanical equipment components are summarized. The strength design technologies for lightweight structures are discussed based upon the analysis of simple shape components strength design criteria under simple tension, bending, torsion and fatigue, which extended to the general lightweight structure strength design principles. The lightweight properties of iron, titanium, aluminum, magnesium and cobalt based alloys are compared, and the gradual establishment of lightweight components materials performance indicators system is proposed. The lightweight molding process and surface modification technique are summarized. It is concluded that, to realize the lightweight purpose for the mechanical equipment structures, the optimal processing technique must be employed to improve the strength (or yield strength), bending section modulus (or torsi