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P58 4．Proof Firstly , to prove is abelian . Clearly , is a group , now to prove it is commutative. For , since are both abelian, so . For and is a morphism, we define with for . It is easy to check that is a morphism and for . Finally, to prove is unique. Suppose is another morphism satisfying , for . For , So . So is a coproduct for . Proof Suppose not ,i.e. there exists and , s.t. . Suppose is the object whose underlying set has at least two elements in it, so . Let with , and is a map with . Since is a free object on a set , so there exists a unique morphism s.t. . So , , but , it is a contradiction. So is an injective map of sets. P63-P64 Proof Let be a set of generators such that no proper subset of generates . Since every element (except ) in abelian group has order ( prime ), and for all . It is easy to prove that . Now to prove , for each,, then , for some . So if , then is a set of generators of , it is contradict with hypothesis. Therefore . By corollary8.7 . Since for all , so . Solution For example , then and . But since is cyclic, is not , so is not isomorphic to . 11. Proof Since is the internal weak direct product of , so are a family of normal subgroups of , and . For , , so , , by Theorem8.9 (ii) is right . where . By (i) , so , by Theorem8.9, is the internal weak direct product of . 14. (a) , (b) , (c) ,