高中定语从句课件PPT(条理清晰).ppt

定语从句 定语从句的定义 首先我们先了解定语的概念 定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。 如 定语从句 在整个句子当中充当定语的小句子 定语从句的分类 一：限制性定语从句 先行词与关系代词之间无逗号分隔，相当于一个后置定语，如： They are the boys who you like to play with. 二：非限制性定语从句 定语从句前有逗号分隔，主要起补充说明作用，如： Mr. Brown has a son, who joined the army 3 years ago. 需要了解的概念 先行词： 定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词 通常是由名词或代词充当 They are the boys who you like to play with. Friends are those who make you smile, always share your happiness and sorrows. 关系词： 用来引导定语从句，为避免先行词的重复出现用来代替先行词的词。分关系代词和关系副词。 常见关系词：that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, as 先行词与关系词的联系 1）先行词与关系词的内在联系先行词与关系词之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义代到从句中来起作用。例如： They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid . 他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。 （本句中的关系词where = 先行词（in）situations 。如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： They often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations. people normally would not be afraid in situations. 由此可以看出，先行词与关系词之间实质上是互等、互换的关系）。 2）“先行词”的意义决定“关系词”的选择“关系词”的选择往往是由“先行词”自身表达的意义，以及它在从句中的语法功能而决定的。例如： Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields. 有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。 In our class, we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan. 我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。 There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words. 有许多声音有意义但不是词。 Tell him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class. 如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： tell him to go to the classroom. We often have our English class in the classroom. 告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。 关系词 定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。 关系代词 常用关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 关系代词who：who用于代替“表示人的意义”的先行词，在从句中作主语或宾语。 如： I have no idea about the man who wrote the article. 我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。 Do you know the man who you just spoke to? 关系代词whom：只做宾语。 如： Do you know the man whom you just spoke to? 错误：I have no idea about the man whom wrote the article. 关系代词whose ：用于代替表示人或物意义的先行词，在从