点集拓扑学熊金城编第三版部分解答.pdfVIP

    2.1  1.  A , A , · · · , A , B  n  De Morgan  1 2 n B − (∪n A ) = ∩n (B − A ) i=1 i i=1 i B − (∩n A ) = ∪n (B − A ) i=1 i i=1 i n n   x ∈ B − (∪ A ) ⇔ x ∈ B  x ∈/ ∪ A ⇔  1 ≤ i ≤ n, x ∈ B i=1 i i=1 i x ∈/ A ⇔ x ∈ ∩n (B − A ). i i=1 i x ∈ B − (∩n A ) ⇔ x ∈ B  x ∈/ ∩n Ai ⇔ !#$ 1 ≤ i0 ≤ n % x ∈ B , i=1 i i=1 x ∈/ A ⇔ x ∈ ∪n (B − A ). i0 i=1 i 2.  X Y $ f : X −→ Y ,  (1) ()* A ⊂ X, A ⊂ f −1 (f (A)). (2) ()* B ⊃ Y, B ⊃ f (f −1 (B)). (3) f $+,-.- B = f (f −1 (B)). −1   (1)A ⊂ X, A ⊂ f (f (A)). /01 ∀x ∈ A ⊂ X, f (x) ∈ f (A), ∴ x ∈ f −1 (f (A)), ∴ A ⊂ f −1 (f (A)). (2)∀y ∈ B, ∃x ∈ f −1 (B) 2% y = f (x) ∈ f (f −1 (B)), 3% y = f (x) ∈ B, ∴ f (f −1 (B)) ⊂ B . (3)  f +, ∀y ∈ B ⊂ Y , ! x ∈ f −1 (B), 2 f (x) = y , 45 −1 −1 −1  y = f (x) ∈ f (f (B)), 3 B ⊂ f (f (B)). 6 (2) 7 B ⊃ f (f (B)) 8 B = f (f −1 (B)). 9: −1 ? −1 ; B ⊂ Y, f (f (B)) = B , = B = Y , @ f (f (Y )) = Y , A f −1 (Y ) = X , 8 f +,B C DEFGHIJKL 2.2 1. MN σ, σ : R × R −→ R 2%()* x, y ∈ R,