生物医学应用数学.pdfVIP

Applied Mathematics in Biomedicine Applied Mathematics in Biomedicine Applied Mathematics in Biomedicine 6 6 Zhu Huaiqiu Zhu Huaiqiu BME@Peking University BME@Peking University A picture says more than a thousand words ! —— How to present your arguments or viewpoints? Open-air preaching in James Street, Covent Garden. The preacher is using an unusual style, he has his main points written on laminated plastic cards and is sticking them on a board. Descriptive Statistics Statistical description ——are used to describe the basic features of the data gathered from an experimental study in various ways. ——provide simple summaries about the sample and the measures. ——Together with simple graphics analysis, they form the basis of quantitative analysis of data. It is necessary to be familiar with primary methods of describing data in order to understand phenomena and make intelligent decisions. (1) Graphical displays of the data in which graphs summarize the data or facilitate comparisons. (2) Tabular description in which tables of numbers summarize the data. (3) Summary statistics (single numbers) which summarize the data. (1) Collect data (2) Classify data (3) Summarize data (4) Present data (5) Proceed to inferential statistics if there are enough data to draw a conclusion 6.1 6.1 Median XX , X , ..., X x , x , ..., x 1 2 n 1 2 n x ’ x ’ ... x ’ (*)