颗粒物质从稀疏流到密集流转变的普适规律.pdf

研究快讯 颗粒物质从稀疏流到密集流转变的普适规律 厚美瑛 　　陈 　唯 　　张 　彤 　　陆坤权 ( 中国科学院物理研究所　北京　100080) 陈 　志 　强 ( ) 中央研究院物理研究所　台北 摘　要 　　二维颗粒流实验研究发现 , 当初始稀疏颗粒流量固定 , 出口的尺寸减小到一临界值 ,或固定出口的尺 寸 ,颗粒流量增大到一临界值时 ,都会发生流量的突然减小 ,从稀疏流转变为密集流. 得到了临界流量与出口尺寸、 颗粒尺寸及通道宽度之间的普适标度关系 ,揭示了“瓶颈效应”的物理本质. 关键词 　　颗粒流 ,相变 ,动力学性质 Global property of the dilutetodense transition of granular flows in a 2D channel HOU MeiYing 　　CHEN Wei 　　ZHAN G Tong 　　LU KunQuan ( ) Instit ute of Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijin g 100080, China C. K. Chan ( ) Instit ute of Physics , Academia Sinica , Taipei , China Abstract 　　Dilutetodense transition of granular flow is observed in a twodimensional channel with confined exit . It is found that for a fixed width of the channel and exit there is a maximum outflow rate. This is reached when the inflow reaches a critical rate Qc as the outflow changes from dilute to dense , and the flow rate drops λ λ abruptly. We find that a rescaled critical flow rate is a function of a scaling variable only. The form of sug gests that the dilutetodense transition is a global propert y of the f