S区碱金-属和碱土金属.ppt

第一章 s区元素;lithium;;;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd.;PERIODIC TABLE GROUP 1 ;Trends in Atomic Radius ;The radius of an atom is governed by the number of layers of electrons around the nucleus and the pulling force the outer electrons feel from the nucleus.;In each case, the outer electron feels a net pull of 1+ from the nucleus. The positive charge on the nucleus is cut down by the negativeness of the inner electrons.;This is equally true for all the other atoms in Group 1. Work it out for potassium if you arent convinced. The only factor which is going to affect the size of the atom is therefore the number of layers of inner electrons which have to be fitted in around the atom. Obviously, the more layers of electrons you have, the more space they will take up - electrons repel each other. That means that the atoms are bound to get bigger as you go down the Group. ;Trends in First Ionization Energy;Notice that first ionisation energy falls as you go down the group ;Explaining the decrease in first ionisation energy Ionisation energy is governed by the charge on the nucleus, the amount of screening by the inner electrons, the distance between the outer electrons and the nucleus. As you go down the Group, the increase in nuclear charge is exactly offset by the increase in the number of inner electrons. Just as when we were talking about atomic radius, in each of the elements in this Group, the outer electrons feel a net attraction of 1+ from the centre. However, as you go down the Group, the distance between the nucleus and the outer electrons increases and so they become easier to remove - the ionization energy falls.;Trends in Melting and Boiling Points;When you melt any of these metals, the metallic bond is weakened enough for the atoms to move around, and is then bro