中国对外贸易绿色发展的挑战和应对.pdfVIP

《生态经济》第31 卷第7期 (2015年7 月) Ecological Economy , Vo l. 31 , No. 7 (Ju1y 2015) 中国对外贸易绿色发展的挑战和应对 马涛 (复旦大学环境科学与工程系，上海 200433) 摘要:中国对外贸易蓬勃发展的同时也带来了严重的生态环境问题。资源环境逆差日益严重，碳泄漏引发的国际争 议越来越激烈。从十」五开始中国尝试建立绿色贸易政策体系，但面临诸多挑战，不仅与促出口，保增长 政策产生强烈冲突，更是在国际上频频引发贸易摩擦。结合国外发达国家实施绿色贸易政策的经验，对中国对外 贸易的绿色发展提出如下建议:战略上必须要避免落入环境比较优势陷阱，警惕高能耗产业转移的锁定效 应，要对贸易政策进行环境影响评价:在战术上要恰当利用WTO环境例外规则，构建针对出口的绿色贸易壁垒， 积极主动地协调贸易发展与环境保护的关系。 关键词:对外贸易:资源、环境逆差:碳泄漏:绿色贸易政策 中图分类号: F740 文献标识码:A 文章编号: 1671-4407(2015)07-172-03 Challenge and Response on Green Development of Chinese Foreign Trade MATao (Department ofEnvironmental Science and Engineering , Fudan University, Shanghai 200433 , China) Abstract: Rapid development of foreign trade in China rought serious ecological and environmental problems as wel l. Resources and environmental deficit increased seriously, and international dispute caused by carbon leakage became increasingly fierce. China has tried to build green trade policy system since Eleventh Five-Year Plan but faced many challenges. It had conflicts with those policies for boosting export and economic growth and frequently brought internationa1 trade friction. Drawing on the experiences from deve10ped countries in the implementation of green trade policy, some suggestions were given to China: Strategically, environmental compaiative advantage trap should be avoided , lock-in effect in the transformation of high energy consumption industries should be alerted, and environmental impact assessment on trade policies should be carried out. Tactically, environmental exceptions unde