stainless steel and their properties不锈钢及其性能.pdf

STAINLESS - stainless steels and their properties by Béla Leffler 1 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Use of stainless steel 3 How it all started 4 Stainless steel categories and grades 5 The effects of the alloying elements5 Corrosion and corrosion properties 9 PASSIVITY 9 AQUEOUS CORROSION 10 General corrosion 10 Pitting and crevice corrosion 11 Stress corrosion cracking 14 Intergranular corrosion 16 Galvanic corrosion 18 HIGH TEMPERATURE CORROSION 19 Oxidation 19 Sulphur attack (Sulphidation) 20 Carbon pick-up (Carburization) 21 Nitrogen pick-up (Nitridation) 21 Mechanical properties 23 Room temperature properties23 The effect of cold work27 Toughness 27 Fatigue properties 29 High temperature mechanical properties 30 Precipitation and embrittlement 32 475°C embrittlement 32 Carbide and nitride precipitation 32 Intermetallic phases32 Physical properties 34 Property relationships for stainless steels 36 Martensitic and martensitic-austenitic steels 36 Ferritic steels 36 Ferritic-Austenitic (Duplex) steels 37 Austenitic steels 37 References 38 Attachment: US, British and European standards on stainless steels…………………………4 1 2 Introduction Iron and the most common iron alloy, steel, are from a corrosion viewpoint relatively poor materials since they rust in air, corrode in acids and