初中英语语法梳理和提高——动词的语态讲解试卷.docVIP

初中英语语法梳理和提高——动词的语态讲解试题 动词的语态 　　知识梳理：提纲挈领，抓住重点和难点！ 　　英语动词有两种语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，例如： 　　Many people speak English .? (主动语态) 　　English is spoken by many people. (被动语态) 　　1、被动语态的构成 　　被动语态由助动词be +及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下： 　　肯? 定? 句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…）???????? eg. He is often asked to do this work (by his boss). 　　否? 定? 句：主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by…）??????? eg. I am not invited to the party (by him). 　　一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？??????? eg. Are your clothes washed by yourself? 　　特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ eg. What is this sweater made of? 　　现以动词give为例，其被动语态的各种时态如下： 时 ? 一 般 ? 进 行 ? 完 成 现在 Am / is /are + given Am/is/are +being + given Have / has +been +given 过去 Was / were + given Was / were + being + given Had +been + given 将来 Shall/ will + given Shall / will +be + given Should /would + be + given 含情态词的 Can / may /must +be +given 　　3、被动语态的用法： 　　? 1）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。 例如： 　　? This jacket is made of cotton. 　　? English is spoken in many countries in the world. 　　2）?强调动作的承受者时。如：The boy was saved at last.这个男孩最后得救了。 　　3）?主动语态变被动语态的步骤: 　　主动句:? The boy???? broke???? the window? yesterday. 　　???????????? 　　被动句: The window? was broken? by the boy? yesterday. 　　步骤一：原句中的宾语the window变成主语。 　　步骤二：谓语动词broke改为被动形式：was broken 　　步骤三：原句中的主语The boy放在介词by的后面。 　　步骤四：其他成分如：yesterday不变。 　　5) 有两个宾语的句子的被动语态： 　　A. 可有两种被动语态的常用动词有：buy，give，leave，lend，offer，pay，teach，tell，show，等。 　　1. He gave me the book just now. 　　? The book was given to me( by him) just now. = I was given the book (by him) just now. 　　2. They show the guard their passports at the entrance to the building. 　　? The passports were shown to the guard by them at the entrance to the building. 　　= The guard was shown the passports by them at the entrance to the building. 　　B. 通常用直接宾语作被动语态主语的一些动词有: bring，do，make，pass，sell，send，sing，write，等。 　　1. He wrote her a letter. 　　? A