干涉和衍射的区别和联系.docxVIP

干涉与衍射的区别与联系摘要： 干涉和衍射现象是一切波动所特有的,也是用于判断某种物质是否有波动性的判据。光的干涉与衍射都可以得到明暗相间的色纹，都有力地证明了光的波动性。由于叠加，两列具有相同频率、固定相位差的同类波在空间共存时，会形成振幅相互加强或相互减弱的现象，称为干涉。相互加强时称为相长干涉，相互减弱时称为相消干涉。波在传播中遇到有很大障碍物或遇到大障碍物中的孔隙时，会绕过障碍物的边缘或孔隙的边缘，呈现路径弯曲，在障碍物或孔隙边缘的背后展衍，这种现象称为波的衍射。波的衍射现象有不见其人，只闻其声。关键词：干涉；衍射；联系；区别Interference with the distinction between the diffractionAbstract：Interference and diffraction phenomenon is all special fluctuations, is also used to judge whether a substance of the criterion of volatility. Light interference and diffraction can get light and shade and white color lines, powerful proved the volatility of the light. Due to the superposition of two columns with the same frequency, fixed phase difference of the same kind waves in space: when, can form the amplitude of each other mutually reinforcing or weakened phenomenon, is called interference. When the mutually reinforcing called phase long interfere with each other, they are called destructively interfere with weakened. Wave propagation in met in the great obstacles or meet a big obstacle, the pore, will be around obstructions edge or the edge of the pore, present paths crooked, in the edge of the pore obstacles or behind exhibition yan, this phenomenon is called the diffraction wave. Wave diffraction phenomenon has not see the person, only hear its voice. Key Words：Interference; Diffraction; Contact; Difference between 干涉与衍射的联系与区别引言光学是物理学中较古老的一门应用性较强的基础性学科,要真正理解光，理解光场中可能发生的各种绚丽多彩的现象，必须从光的波动性着手，只有从光的波动理论才能看出几何光学理论的限度。光的波动性最好的体现就在于光的干涉和衍射。干涉和衍射现象是一切波动所特有的,也是用于判断某种物质是否有波动性的判据。光的干涉与衍射都可以得到明暗相间的色纹，都有力地证明了光的波动性。从理论上分析,干涉和衍射都是光波发生相干叠加的结果。光波叠加的原理表述为：对于真空中传播的光或在媒质中传播的不太强的光,当几列光波相遇时,其合成光波的光矢量E等于各分光波的光矢量E1,E2,E3,······的矢量和,即： E=E1+E2+E3······=∑Ei 而在相遇区外，各列光波仍保持各自原有的特性（频率，波长，振动方向等）和传播方向继续传播，就好像在各自的路径上没有遇到其他的波一样。光的干涉：由于叠加，两列具有相同频率、固定相位差的同类波在空间共存时，会形成振幅相互加强或相互减弱的现象，称为干涉。相互加强时称为相长干涉，相互减弱时称为相消干涉。光的干涉现象的广义定义为：“两束(或多束)频率相同，振动（偏振）方向一致振动位相差恒定的光在一定的空间范围内叠加，其光强度分布与原来两束（或多束）光的强度之和不同的现象。”为了突出“相干叠加”与“非相干叠加”在空间强度分布的明显的差别，又有了狭义的定义：“满足一定条件的两束（或多束）光在空间叠加