英文高中物理课件1：声波的性质和公式Wave Properties and Equations.ppt

PHY 122013 Term 1 Week 1: Wave Properties and Equations What is a wave? Spreading of disturbance from one place to another. The source is a vibration or oscillation. Energy is transferred from one point to another WITHOUT physical transfer of any material between the two points General definitions of vibrations and waves Vibration: in a general sense, anything that switches back and forth, to and fro, side to side, in and out, off and on, loud and soft, or up and down is vibrating. A vibration is a wiggle in time. Wave: a wiggle in both space and time is a wave. A wave extends from one place to another. Vibrations and waves: the source of all waves is something that is vibrating. Waves are propagations of vibrations throughout space. VIBRATION OF A PENDULUM What does the period (T) depend upon? Length of the pendulum (l). Acceleration due to gravity (g). Period does not depend upon the bob mass or the amplitude of the swing. Vibration of a pendulum. The to-and-fro vibratory motion is also called oscillatory motion (or oscillation). When oscillations are small, the motion is called simple harmonic motion (shm) and can be described by a simple sine curve. Crests and Troughs Crests: points of maximum displacement on a wave Troughs: points of minimum displacement on a wave Distance along rope displacement CREST CREST TROUGH Wave PropertiesAmplitude Amplitude is the height of the wave above or below the equilibrium point. AMPLITUDE (A) Maximum Displacement from the rest or central position. SI unit metre (m) displacement distance along rope crest crest trough amplitude amplitude Wave PropertiesWavelength Wavelength, l, is the distance between two consecutive peaks. Wavelength (λ) The distance between two successive points of the same phase. Example: distance between two crests. SI unit: metre (m). displacement distance along rope crest crest trough λ amplitude amplitude Wave PropertiesFrequency Frequency, f, is the number of waves passing a particular po