放牧制度的实用方法（PPT 32页）.ppt

放牧制度的实用方法A Practical Approach to Grazing Systems 天马行空官方博客：/tmxk_docin ;QQ:1318241189 成功的关键Keys to Success Planning is most important Be practical!! Know your land, animal and economic resources What are the goals of the farmer System must match landscape, farmer, climate, livestock and management ability There is no blueprint for a single system that will work in all situations Be prepared to adjust 规划最重要 一定要实用！ 了解你的土地、牲畜和经济资源 农场主的目标是什么 放牧制度必须使土地、农场主、气候、牲畜和管理能力相互匹配 没有任何关于单一制度适用于所有情况的计划 做好准备以便进行调整 理想放牧时间 Ideal Time to Graze What happens to perennial grasses in the fall? 秋季多年牧草发生了什么变化？ New auxillary buds or short tillers initiated at or below soil surface 新腋芽或短分蘖在土壤表面或下面形成 plant stores energy in stem bases 植物在茎基部贮藏能量 these tillers and buds over winter and grow next spring using store energy 这些分蘖和芽依靠贮藏能量越冬和翌年春天生长 Grazing Effects on Soils放牧对土壤的影响 Direct 直接Erosion 流失Compaction 压实 Indirect 间接Soil Moisture 土壤水份Soil Temperature 土壤温度Nutrient Cycling 营养循环Carbon Cycling 碳循环 Range Condition and Yield in IMAR内蒙古的草原状况和产量 足以保持控制并实现目标 水和资本是限制因素 小牧场 — 更多控制、更多管理需要、更容易出现差错 从几个小牧场开始，随着经验增加而扩大 4个小牧场？ 观察目前的和随后的小牧场 通常设法保持植物生长 允许足够的恢复时间 使用程度越低，恢复时间越短 制定时间表，但根据牧草生长情况而行动 Textbook Rotation Recommended Rotation Steps We Did in Setting the Plan Met with the producer Inventoried resources Range Condition Inventory Map development Preliminary Design Discuss with producer Check references Calculations, develop stocking rates and rotation Consult with producer * * Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada 目的驱使 Goal driven 综合因素 Multi-factored 基于优化 Based on optimization 灵活 Flexible 可持续 Sustainable Grazing Systems should be:放牧制度应该是： 竞争 - 光 Competition for – light - 养分 - nutrients - 水分 - moisture - 空间 - space Bromus riparius Bromus inermis Regrowth after Cutting or Grazing 刈割及放牧后的再生 Bromus riparius (left) - regrowth comes from elongation of cut tillers