肺部和肋膜检查3(国外英文资料).docVIP

肺部和胸膜检查3(国外英文资料) A, inspection 1, respiratory frequency (1) normal adult R = 16 ~ 20 times/minute, R: P = 1:4; Newborns 44 times per minute. (2) breathing at the speed of R 24 times/min (3) breathing slowed down R 12 times per minute 2, breathe deep (1) acid poisoning (Kussmaul) Rhythmic, deep and fast breathing. Suggest metabolic acidosis, in uremia, diabetic ketosis. (2) shallow breathing It is found in lung, pleural disease, and restricted diaphragmatic movement. 3, breathing rhythm (1) tidal breathing (chen-shi breath) Characteristics: R shallow slow, R deep, R shallow slow, R pause, repeat. (2) stop breathing (biots breath) Features: breathing is alternating with apnea. Mechanism of production: hypoxia, the arousal of the respiratory center. Meaning: warning of respiratory failure. In: the disease of CNS; (2) some poisoning Second, the palpation Haptic chatter * 1, the inspection method Physicians, put in the two palms on both sides of the chest symmetrical parts, let the victim in a low tone stretched to say one, the shaking that physicians palm feel, called language. Pay attention to the upper and lower sides. Pathological significance (1) to enhance Pulmonary changes: large leaf pneumonia; An oppressive lung: a lung that is pressed above the fluid in the chest. The lung cavity: the tuberculosis cavity, the pulmonary abscess. (2) weakening or disappearing Alveoli include air volume: emphysema, bronchial asthma; Bronchial obstruction: obstructive pulmonary disease; Acoustic conduction disorder: pleural effusion, pneumothorax, etc. Third, percussion Pulmonary lower percussion Method of percussion: calm breathing, indirect percussion method, along three vertical lines, go down to the lower percussion, when the qingyin and the voiceless sound, use the pen as the mark, the connection points. The lower bound of the normal lung: the midline of the clavicle, the midaxillary line, and the scapula line in the 6th, 8th, and 10th ribs Descending: in emphysema; Rise: i