天线工程导论.PDF

天線工程導論天線工程導論 Cheng-Hsing Hsu DepartmentDepartment ofof ElectricalElectrical EngineeringEngineering National United University 11. 天線概論天線概論 2.傳輸線概念傳輸線概念 3. 天線參數定義與基本特性 4.饋入線與供電方法 5.各式天線介紹 6. 天線量測 天線分類 •依頻率分類: 低頻,中頻,高頻… •依使用性質分類: 基地台,移動台 •依結構分類: 線形,平板(微帶線),螺旋,孔 徑 號角(( ),),反射型 … • For most antennas, losses are small so that the gain is nearly equal to directivity. Thus, as a practical matter, gain and directivity are often used interchangeably. LLoops, didipolles andd sllotts • Both loop and dipole have identical field patterns but with E and H interchanged. • The horizontal loop is horizontally polarized and the vertical loop is vertically polarizedpolarized. • To qualify as a small loop or short dipole, the dimensions should be ≤λ/10. dipolesdipoles andand slotsslots • If the dipole has been cut from a metal sheet, leaving a slot, the dipoledipole andand slotslot areare saidsaid toto bebe plementary. • The field patterns of the dipole and slot are the same but with E and H interchanged. • TTo bbe compllettelly compllementtary, ththe shheett conttaiiniing ththe sllott should be large (ideally infinite) and perfectly conducting. • 2 2 ZZ ZZ Z s 00 00 Y d Slot antenna 4 Z 4 d OOpenedd-outt coaxiiall-liline anttennas • All of the antennas in Fig. 3-3 are omnidirectional in thhe hhoriizontall pllane wiithh a null in the vertical (zenith) d