电子背散射衍射(EBSD)技术简介 整理.pptVIP

* * Surface scratches are clearly visible in the electron and pattern quality images. These may have been formed during final polishing or be residual from fine grinding. Their straight and parallel nature suggests that the sample was held static during the time that they were introduced. It is generally bad practice to hold a sample stationary as this can result in varying degrees of smearing, dependant on the hardness of the material, and other artefacts. So called ‘comets tails’ can result from inclusions, particles or other microstructural features. A subsurface defect is not so clear in the electron image, but very clear in the pattern quality map - a crystallographically significant effect. Here a very gross defect has a major effect on EBSD, yet the appearance in the electron image may not immediately suggest the severity of the feature. The defect appears to be a region of damage extending to a greater depth beneath the surface of the material, effectively suppressing the formation of diffraction patterns. This highlights the need for extra care during preparation for EBSD - a feature or preparation route that may have been considered tolerable for other techniques, clearly is a problem when performing EBSD. This sub surface defect crosses a number of grains. Therefore, it is not just an orientation effect - it is indicative of deeper damage, probably residual from grinding or even cutting stages. Therefore full re-preparation with adequate material removal is recommended to avoid sub-surface damage, in such circumstances. 利用已知物相的晶体学数据(可借助数据库)，通过衍射花样标定而鉴定物相，不同物相用不同颜色成像，即可获得如图2.6 所示相分布图像，并可计算各相所占的份数 图2.6 中，红色表示?-钛， 绿色表示?-钛，?-钛和?-钛分别占73.8%和26.2% 图2.6 ? , ? 双相钛合金的相分布图像 2.4 物相鉴别与鉴定 图2.7 所示是变形铝晶粒取向成像图，图中大部分变形晶粒的颜色相近，说明它们具有相近的取向， 但其织构指数还需用极图、反极图和ODF等方法确定 图2.7 变形铝晶粒取向成像图 2.5 织构分析 （1）原始状态 （2）RT-5% （3） 150°C-10% （4） 250°C-50% 2.6 极图 图2.8 不同状态的极图 （1）原始状态 （2）RT-5% （3） 150°C-10% （4） 250°C-50% 2.7 反极图 图2.9 不同状态的反极图 图2.10 欧拉空间及空间分割示意图 利用取向空间的g (?1, ? , ?2 )