大学生物专业英语lesson_one.ppt

* Cytoskeletal intermediate filaments appear to impart tensile strength to the cell cytoplasm. Mechanoenzymes such as myosin, dynein, and kinesin interact with the cytoskeletal filaments and tubules to generate forces that cause movements. 细胞骨架的中间纤维提供了细胞质伸缩动力。 肌球蛋白，动力蛋白，驱动蛋白等这些机械酶与微丝，微管相互作用产生动力而引起细胞运动。机械酶（例如，肌球蛋白，动力蛋白，驱动蛋白）与微丝，微管相互作用产生动力而引起细胞运动。 * 5. Cellular movements细胞运动 * New words of part 5 chemotaxis n.[动物]化学向性,[生物]趋化现象, 趋药性 whiplike adj.鞭子似的,像鞭子的 cilia n. 纤毛; cilium n.cilia的单数 flagella n. 鞭毛 Basal body 基体 centriole n.[生]细胞中心粒,中心体 * 5. Cellular movements细胞运动 Although the cytoskeleton provides some stability to cells, its microtubules and filaments and their associated proteins enable cells to move by creeping or gliding. 尽管细胞骨架提供了细胞的某些稳定性，微丝，微管及相关蛋白能使细胞爬行或滑动。 * Such movements require a solid substance to which the cell can adhere and can be guided by the geometry of the surface. 这种运动需要固体基质依托并通过表面几何形状的改变而运动。 Some cells also exhibit chemotaxis, the ability to move toward or away from the source of a diffusing chemical. 某些细胞具备趋化性（趋药性），即趋向或逃离正在扩散的化学源。 * Certain eukaryotic cells can swim freely in liquid environments, propelled by whiplike cilia or flagella. 某些真核细胞能在液体环境中自由游泳运动 ，由纤毛或鞭毛推动。 * Both cilia and flagella have the same internal structure: nine doublets (pairs of microtubules) are arranged in a ring and extend the length of the cilium or flagellum, and two more microtubules run down the center of the ring. 纤毛和鞭毛具有相同的内部结构：九个二联管环形排列，纵向延伸纤毛或鞭毛，另外的两个微管沿着环中心分布。九个双微管环形排列，纵向延伸，环中心是两个或以上微管组成。 * A cross section of a cilium is shown in this cartoon. Note that there is a circle of nine doublets, each of which have one complete (A Tubule) and one incomplete (B Tubule) microtubules. The Core doublets are both complete. Extending from the doublets are sets of arms that join neighboring doublets. * Every cilium or flagellum grows only from the cell surface where a basal body is located. Movement is based on the activities of tiny dynein side arms that extend fro