脂肪细胞的分化及调控.docVIP

脂肪细胞的分化及调控 摘要：越来越多的研究结果表明脂肪组织不仅仅是被动的能量储存器官,而且是能够分泌多种激素类物质的内分泌器官;脂肪细胞分化及其调控失常与人类多种疾病如肥胖症、糖尿病、脂肪肝、高脂血症及乳腺癌等密切相关。对脂肪细胞分化机制及其调控的研究,不但对于探讨上述重大生命和疾病过程具有重要理论意义,而且对于上述疾病的预防与治疗,特别是对于在细胞和分子水平上筛选针对上述疾病的药物,也具有实际意义。本文从脂肪细胞的起源、前脂肪细胞向脂肪细胞的分化过程、脂肪细胞分化的调控,以及对脂肪细胞分化研究应注意的问题等进行了综述,以期对脂肪细胞分化及其调控进行全面总结。 关键词：脂肪细胞;分化;调控 Abstract Fat tissue and adipocytes have been exclusively investigated in the past two decades, especial y in the last ten years, due to the following two reasons. Firstly, more and more studies showed that fat tissue is not only an organ for energy storage, but also an endocrine one that can secret many kinds of hormones or hormone like peptides. Secondly, the established preadipocyte cell lines have been providing powerful tools for the in vitro research of adipocyte differentiation, because these immortal cell lines authentically represent, to a great extend, the in vivo situations of these cells and can be induced to differentiate into mature adipose cells with proper hormones. It has been demonstrated that there exists close relations between adipocyte differentiation and many physiological or pathological processes including saccharide and fat metabolism, energy balance, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and breast cancer. It is very important to make known the differentiation mechanisms of preadipocyte into adipocyte for understanding the above mentioned diseases and for screening anti obesity and anti diabetes drugs. Key words Adipocyte; Differentiation; Regulation 脂肪组织和脂肪细胞是近二十年特别是近十年人们广泛探索的领域之一。这主要有两个原因:首先,越来越多的研究结果表明脂肪组织不仅仅是动的能量储存器官,而是能分泌多种激素类物质内分泌器官;其次,上世纪七八十年代以来相继建立起来的在合适激素诱导下可以分化成脂肪细的永生化成纤维细胞系,为体外研究脂肪细胞分化提供了有效工具,因为这些永生化的前脂肪细胞在很大程度上真实代表了这类细胞在体内的情。目前已经证明脂肪细胞分化与糖及脂肪代谢、机体能量平衡、与肥胖症、与II型糖尿病、与脂肪和高脂血症及乳腺癌等有非常密切的关系。对脂细胞分化机制及其调控的研究,不但对于探讨上重大生命和疾病过程具有重要理论意义,而且对于上述疾病的预防与治疗,特别是对于在细胞和分子水平上筛选针对上述疾病的药物,也具有实际意义。 一、脂肪细胞的起源 脂肪细胞在体内从什么组织分化而来、从什么时间开始出现,至今还知之不多。1979年Taylor和Jones等用多潜能干细胞诱导分化出了肌肉、软骨和脂肪细胞;1997年Dani等将胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell, ES cell)诱导分化成前脂肪细胞;1999年Pittenger等用骨髓衍生的基质