生物思维导图(国外英文资料).docVIP

生物思维导图(国外英文资料)A higher biological requirement (1)The first chapter approaches the cellsThe first is from biosphere to cellFirst, relevant concepts,Cell: a basic unit of biological structure and function. In addition to viruses, all living things are made up of cells. Cells are the most basic living systems on earthThe structure of the life system: the cell, the tissue, the organ, the system (the plant has no system), the individual, the populationThe community, the ecosystem, the biosphereTwo, the relevant knowledge of the virus:Viruses are a class of organisms that have no cell structure. Main features:Small individuals, usually between 10 and 30 nm, most must be seen by an electron microscope;There is only one type of nucleic acid, DNA or RNA, no virus containing two nucleic acids;(3)The structure is simple, usually composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and protein shells.Depending on the host, the virus can be classified into three major categories: animal, plant and bacterial. Depending on the type of nucleic acid in the virus, it is divided into DNA viruses and RNA viruses.3, common virus are: human influenza viruses (influenza), the SARS virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/(AIDS) that causes AIDS, avian flu virus, hepatitis b virus, human smallpox virus, the rabies virus and tobacco Mosaic virus, etc.The diversity and uniformity of cells in the second sectionCell type: the nucleus of a cell without a nuclear membrane in the cell, dividing cells into prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cellsComparison of prokaryotic cells with eukaryotic cells:Prokaryotic cells: small, nuclear, non-nucleated, and unformed nuclei; The region of the genetic material (a circular DNA molecule) is called a quasi nucleus; Without chromosomes, DNA does not bind to proteins; The organelles only have ribosomes; There are cell walls that are different from eukaryotic cells.Eukaryotic cells: larger cells, nuclear membranes, nucleoli, and real nuclei; There is a certain number of chromo