第3节 细胞的衰老和凋亡(国外英文资料).docVIP

第3节 细胞的衰老和凋亡(国外英文资料) Section 3 cell aging and apoptosis Learning goals Knowledge of: Describe the relationship between individual aging and cell aging. Describe the characteristics and causes of cell aging. The meaning of apoptosis and the difference between it and cell necrosis. Emotional attitudes and values: Discuss the aging of cells and the relationship between apoptosis and human health. Ability: To collect and analyze data related to social aging. All content solution Senescence and death of cells are a common form of life, the basic law of cellular life. The relationship between aging and cell aging Single-celled organisms, cell senescence or death is the aging or death of an individual; Multicellular organisms, the cells in the body are constantly updating. In other words, cells in a multicellular organism have cells that grow old, die, and have new cells to replenish them. So cellular senescence, death and the aging of the individual are not the same thing. The characteristics of cell aging Cell senescence is a physiological and biochemical process that occurs within the cell, with significant changes in morphology, structure and function. Change in form: because the water in the cell decreases, the cell shrinks, the volume shrinks. Structural changes: the nucleus is enlarged and the chromosome is contracted. The number of lysosomes increases and the volume increases, and the endoplasmic reticulum is arranged in disorder. Changes in function: because the number of mitochondria is decreased, the rate of respiration slows down. Some enzymes are less active and the protein synthesis rate decreases. Such as: human hair to bleach is due to the base of a human hair melanin cell aging and cell of tyrosinase activity, make the melanin synthesis is blocked. Because of the permeability of cell membrane, the function of material transportation decreased. The causes of cell aging Radical theory Is constantly produced by the free radicals in the life activity (cell ox