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第十讲 动词和动词分类
Grammatical teaching plan
Liudan
Lecture 10
10.1 Classification of verbs
Main verbs and auxiliaries
Primary auxiliaries:又叫实义动词
助动词:a:基本助动词 be, do,have. Will, shall 与主要动词一起构成动词性合成谓语。
补充:代动词do
Bones absorb the X rays much more than do the soft skin and muscle tissue.
The number of neutrons may vary and often does.
b: Modal auxiliaries: 与其后面的主要动词构成动词性合成谓语
补充:cannot 或 can+ scarcely 等否定副词的特殊用法: 当这一形式与某些副词(too, enough, perfectly. Sufficiently 等) 或某些副词,形容词的比较级或某些动词( overemphasize,overrate, overestimate, exaggerate 等)连用时,意为“无论... 都不过分”,“越...越好”如:
In doing an experiment, one cannot be careful enough.
We cannot emphasize too strongly that the principles of chemistry derive from experiment; chemistry is an experimental science.
C:Semi-auxiliaries: 某些动词(主动式)+动词不定式(主要有 appear, seem,happen, remain, prove, turn out等)一起构成动词性合成谓语。
Eg: This technological problem remains to be solved.
Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs and linking verbs
A:及物动词和不及物动词构成实义动词,它们表示具体动作或状态,具有明确的词义。
Eg: Cells vary a great deal in size.
B: Transitive verbs :接双宾(常见的有,give, show, tell, convince, inform 等)
C: linking verbs
不能单独做谓语,而要与其后面的表语构成名词性合成谓语;常见的系动词有be, become; 由其他实义动词演变而来的系动词有remain, look, appear, seem, prove,, get, go,stay, turn, sound, measure, feel等。
3) Dynamic verbs and stative verbs
10.2 Classification of verbs
single-word verbs and phrasal verbs
词组动词:两个或两个以上单词构成的动词
动词+介词
动词+副词小品词
动词+副词小品词+介词
英译汉
Account for/ take to / see to/ agree with/ agree to / come across/ come into/ amount to/ go for/ go about/ get after/ look into / look after/ rely on/ take...for... /resort to
汉译英
接管/ 爆炸/ 雇佣/ 爆发/教养/ 上当受骗/ 提出/ 装模作样/ 苏醒过来/ 堵塞/ 取消/ 出版/ 想出/ 临时解雇/ 冒出/ 提起/ 赢利/ 弥补/去世/ 发脾气/ 贯彻/ 拆开/ 理解/ 和好/ 提起/ 继续/
英译汉
Carry over to/ own up to / talk down to / come down with/ catch on to / go in for/ keep up with/ look forward to/ get on to/ get around to,at/ go through with/ make up for/ look down on/ look up to/ put up with/ get on at/ get away with/ fill in for/ come out with
以及其他一些属于成
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