第十讲 动词和动词分类.doc

Grammatical teaching plan Liudan Lecture 10 10.1 Classification of verbs Main verbs and auxiliaries Primary auxiliaries：又叫实义动词 助动词：a:基本助动词 be, do,have. Will, shall 与主要动词一起构成动词性合成谓语。 补充：代动词do Bones absorb the X rays much more than do the soft skin and muscle tissue. The number of neutrons may vary and often does. b: Modal auxiliaries: 与其后面的主要动词构成动词性合成谓语 补充：cannot 或 can+ scarcely 等否定副词的特殊用法： 当这一形式与某些副词（too, enough, perfectly. Sufficiently 等） 或某些副词，形容词的比较级或某些动词（ overemphasize,overrate, overestimate, exaggerate 等）连用时，意为“无论... 都不过分”，“越...越好”如： In doing an experiment, one cannot be careful enough. We cannot emphasize too strongly that the principles of chemistry derive from experiment; chemistry is an experimental science. C：Semi-auxiliaries: 某些动词（主动式）+动词不定式（主要有 appear, seem,happen, remain, prove, turn out等）一起构成动词性合成谓语。 Eg: This technological problem remains to be solved. Transitive verbs, intransitive verbs and linking verbs A:及物动词和不及物动词构成实义动词，它们表示具体动作或状态，具有明确的词义。 Eg: Cells vary a great deal in size. B: Transitive verbs ：接双宾（常见的有，give， show, tell, convince, inform 等） C: linking verbs 不能单独做谓语，而要与其后面的表语构成名词性合成谓语；常见的系动词有be, become; 由其他实义动词演变而来的系动词有remain, look, appear, seem, prove,, get, go,stay, turn, sound, measure, feel等。 3) Dynamic verbs and stative verbs 10.2 Classification of verbs single-word verbs and phrasal verbs 词组动词：两个或两个以上单词构成的动词 动词+介词 动词+副词小品词 动词+副词小品词+介词 英译汉 Account for/ take to / see to/ agree with/ agree to / come across/ come into/ amount to/ go for/ go about/ get after/ look into / look after/ rely on/ take...for... /resort to 汉译英 接管/ 爆炸/ 雇佣/ 爆发/教养/ 上当受骗/ 提出/ 装模作样/ 苏醒过来/ 堵塞/ 取消/ 出版/ 想出/ 临时解雇/ 冒出/ 提起/ 赢利/ 弥补/去世/ 发脾气/ 贯彻/ 拆开/ 理解/ 和好/ 提起/ 继续/ 英译汉 Carry over to/ own up to / talk down to / come down with/ catch on to / go in for/ keep up with/ look forward to/ get on to/ get around to,at/ go through with/ make up for/ look down on/ look up to/ put up with/ get on at/ get away with/ fill in for/ come out with 以及其他一些属于成