substitution_lemma(替换引理)(南京大学宋方敏老师提供)(数理逻辑).pdfVIP

OOO††† ÚÚÚnnn  (M, σ)˜ŠóL . §t §sL -‘§AL -úª. Lemma 1 (t [s ])M [σ] = tM [σ [x:=sM [σ]]] . x y µét(8By ²LHS = RHSXeµ t LHS RHS x sM [σ] sM [σ] y (≡ x) σ (y) σ (y) c cM cM f (u) (f (u)[ s ])M [σ] = (f (u))M [σ [x:=sM [σ]]] = x fM ((u [s ])M [σ] ) = fM (uM [σ [x:=sM [σ]]] ) x fM (uM [σ [x:=sM [σ]]] ) f (t , t , ..., t ) Ón 1 2 n Q.E.D. Lemma 2 (A[t ])M [σ] = AM [σ [x:=tM [σ]]] . x y µ-ρσ [x := tM [σ]] §–y (A[t ])M [σ] = AM [ρ] §Iy x M |=σ A[t ] iff M |=ρ A ...(*) x e¡éA(Š 8By ²(*). Afúª . Case1. Au = v §ùpu, v ∈ T t t . t M |=ρ A[x ] iff M |=σ u [x ] = v [x ] iff (u [t ])M [σ] = (v [t ])M [σ] x x iff uM [ρ] = vM [ρ] (by Lemma 1) 1 . iff M |=ρ u = v iff M |=ρ A. Case2. AP (t , ..., t ). 1 n M |=σ A[t ] x iff M |= P (t [t ], ..., t [t ]) σ 1 n x x iff ((t [t ]) , ..., (t [t ]) ) ∈ P 1 M [σ] 1 M [σ] M x x iff ((t ) , ..., (t ) ) ∈ P (by Lemma 1) 1 M [ρ] n M [ρ] M iff M |= P (t , ..., t ). ρ 1 n AEÜúª Case3. A¬B . M |=σ A[t ] x iff M |=σ ¬(B [t