SDH原理 （光）.pptVIP

电接口 只有STM-1有电接口，用于局内连接，其他等级都只有光接口。 75欧姆同轴，传输距离?150米，CMI编码 光接口 NRZ，光强调制，扰码，单模光纤 局内连接(标识: I-n，例如I-1) LED或MLM激光器， 1310 nm ? 2 km 短距离传输 (标识: S-n.w，例如S-1.1) 低功率 SLM或 MLM 激光器，1310 nm或 1550 nm ? 15 km 长距离传输 (标识: L-n.w，例如L-4.1) 大功率 SLM 或 MLM 激光器，1310 nm或1550 nm 40-60 km或更长 线路编码: 因为光接口采用NRZ二进制码， 长连0或长连1会导致时钟提取困难，因此采用扰码技术。 SDH MAINTENANCE INTERACTIONS 单向切换的优点：1、简单，无需APS协议 2、切换速度快 3、多点故障时，保护成功率高 4、1:N时，保护通道可能可以同时保护两个不同方向的单向故障。 双向切换优点：1、双向传输采用相同的路径，延时相同 2、可以将保护通道用于额外业务（非保护） 信号编号0表示没有业务 信号编号15表示额外业务，只在保护通道出现 1～14为有效业务－－》最多1：14保护 多个业务保护请求时，优先级高的请求得到响应；同等优先级请求时，信号编码小的优先。 请求编号指希望对方桥接的信号，保护信号编号指本端实施的保护桥接信号编号 1＋1不需要APS，但是在1:N工作时，可以通过APS强制为1＋1模式 K1、K2 APS字节只在保护通道上有意义，在工作通道上被忽略。 - MTIE measurement is very similar to the TIE measurement, difference is that MTIE takes the highest TIE value in an observation time for result. SDH测试仪产生各种测试指针调整序列 Here is how we compensate for 512 ms of differential delay 512 ms corresponds to a superframe is 4096 TDM frames (4096*0.125m=512m) For HOP SDH VCAT and PDH VCAT (H4 byte or PDH VCAT overhead) The basic multiframe is 16 frames So we need 256 multiframes in a superframe (256*16=4096) The MultiFrame Indicator is divided into two parts: MFI1 (4 bits) appears once per frame and counts from 0 to 15 to sequence the multiframe MFI2 (8bits) appears once per multiframe and counts from 0 to 255 For LOP SDH (bit 2 of K4 byte) a 32 bit frame is built and a 5-bit MFI is dedicated 32 multiframes of 16 ms give the needed 512 ms SQ (Sequence Indicator) The number assigned to members within the VCG where the number is unique within one VCG and sequential (corresponding to reassembly order of the VCAT). The SQ range forHOVCAT is 0–255 (256 maximum members within one VCG), and 0–63 for LO VCAT (64 maximum members within one VCG). MFI (Multiframe Indicator Field) The mechanism employed between the VCG transmitter and VCG receiver to determine the differential delay and use for realignment between members in the same VCG. The value should be th