叶籽银杏种质资源染色体核型分析及进化趋势_张芳.pdf

DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2011.12.032 园 艺 学 报 2011 ，38 （12）：2245 –2252 http: // www. ahs. ac. cn Acta Horticulturae Sinica E-mail: yuanyixuebao@126.com 叶籽银杏种质资源染色体核型分析及进化趋势 * 张 芳，邢世岩 ，韩晨静，唐海霞 （山东农业大学林学院，山东泰安 271018 ） 摘 要：以来自日本、中国山东等地的28 株叶籽银杏种质幼叶为试材，采用常规压片法，对其核型 进行了研究。结果表明：各种质染色体均为二倍体，2n = 2x = 24 ，核型有中部着丝粒染色体（m ）、近中 部着丝粒染色体（sm ）和近端部着丝粒染色体（st ）等3 种类型；有 6 个种质具随体。方差分析表明：种 质 SY2 染色体长度比与其它种质差异显著，为 3.97 ；各种质的平均臂比和核型不对称系数之间差异较大。 种质 GX3 和种质 HB 较进化，种质 NS2 较原始。 关键词：叶籽银杏；染色体；核型；类型；进化趋势 中图分类号：S 664.3 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0513-353X （2011 ）12-2245-08 Analysis on Karyotype and Its Evolutional Trend of Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla Germplasms Resources * ZHANG Fang ，XING Shi-yan ，HAN Chen-jing ，and TANG Hai-xia （Forestry College ，Shandong Agricultural University ，Tai’an ，Shandong 271018 ，China） Abstract ：The karyotype of 28 Ginkgo biloba var. epiphylla Mak. germplasms which came from Japan and Shandong were studied by method of squash with the young leaves. The results showed that all the chromosomes were diploid ，the chromosome number could be described as 2n = 2x = 24 ，the karyotype was mainly composed of median centromere chromosome （m ），nearly median centromere chromosome （sm ）and subterminal region （st ）；There were satellites in 6 germplasms. The variance’s analysis shows that there was significant difference between SY2 and other germplasms on length ratio of chromosome which was