国际环境标准手册Chap6.pdfVIP

Part III Environmental Standards 1999 CRC Press LLC 6 An Introduction to International Standards Organizations and the Development Process CONTENTS Standards Organizations in the United States International Standardization Activities of ASTM International Standardization Activities of ISO Responsibilities for the Technical Work of ISO Current International Standardization Activities of ANSI Development of International Environmental Laws Development of European Union Directives Development of National Law Standards are documented agreements containing technical specifications or criteria to be used as guidelines (and possibly legal requirements) to ensure materials, products, processes, or services are appropriate for their purpose. A standardization body is responsible for the development, presentation, and publication of appropriate standards. These organizations can be national bodies, international organizations, or both. The standards development process begins when a need is expressed to a national standards organization, which may develop and publish a standard or present the issue as a new work item to an international body such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The following standards organizations participate in the development of consensus, industry-wide, voluntary standards. [A complete listing of U.S. and international standards organizations appears in Chapter 12.] Committees • European Committee for Standardization (CEN) • European Committee for Electrical Standardization (CENELEC) • Technical Committee (TC) 207 Environmental Management (ISO 14000) • Subcommittees (SC) to TC 207- SC1 through SC6 Associations, Councils, Organizations • American National Standards Institute (ANSI) • American Society of Testing an