10.虚拟语气.doc

虚拟语气 虚拟条件句 虚拟条件句，顾名思义，是在一个虚拟假想的条件下，来描述说话人想象的、非真实的情景，这些情景是不可能发生的，与客观事实相反的。我们可以对现在、过去、将来这三种情况进行虚拟，主句和if从句中的谓语动词形式列表如下: 一、与现在事实相反 （1）If I could rearrange the alphabet, Id put U and I together. 如果能重新把字母表排序，我一定会把u和I这两个字母放在一起。 （2）I have often thought It would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. 我常常想:如果每一个人在生命的早期都要遭受几天眼睛失明、耳朵失聪的痛苦，那可能是一种福气!黑暗会使他更加珍惜视觉;寂静无声能教会他欣赏声音的美妙。 二、与过去事实相反 （1）Tourism is an odd thing. You fly off to a strange land, eagerly abandoning all the comforts of home, and then expend time and money in a futile attempt to recapture the comforts that you wouldnt have lost if you hadnt left home in the first place. 这是表示对过去事实的虚拟。这段话道出了生活的矛盾性，很有意思。 旅游这事很奇怪，你飞往一个陌生的地方，急切地放弃了家里的舒适，然后又想尽办法费时费钱地想得到家里的舒适。可是这些舒适，要是你当初不离家出游，你原本不会失去的。 对将来进行虚拟 （1） Sometimes I have thought it would be an excellent rule to live each day as if we should die tomorrow. Such an attitude would emphasize sharply the values of life. 我们看到，从句表将来虚拟，用了情态动词should，也可以用were to do 我时常会想，如果我们能以明天就要告别这个世界的态度来度过每一天的话，那一定是极好的，这种心态会让每一个人珍视生命的价值。 （2）There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened,_a sudden loud noise. A. being there B. should there be C. there was D. there having been 这是对将来的虚拟，从句应该用should或were to。故B正确。另外，这里should there be是一个倒装结构 万一突然有一声巨响，这些动物完全有可能受到惊吓。 倒装虚拟句 当if条件句中有助动词should, had或were时，可以省去if,‘而将should, had或were置于句首，从而构成倒装虚拟句，意义不变。 (1) For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.1995年第75题英译汉 这是对过去的虚拟。倒装结构had he grown相当于if he had grown 例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。 （2）The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand,_all practical value by the time they finished. A. could lose