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第一章 一、1、material science：the discipline of material science involves investigating the relationship that exist between the structures and properties of materials (研究结构与性能之间的关系) 2、materials engineering：designing the structure of a material to produce a predetermined set of properties, based on these structure-property correlations(根据性能要求来设计材料结构) 3、structure：relates to the arrangement of its internal components(内部成分的组织排列) 4、property：a material trait of the kind and magnitude of response to a specific imposed stimulus.(对于外界施加一种特别外力，材料所表现出的特征反应) Category（分类）：mechanical（机械性），electrical（电性），thermal（热性），magnetic（磁性），optical（光学性），and so on. 5、Electrical properties: electrical conductivity（电导率），dielectric constant（介电常数） 6、材料加工四大要素：processing（加工）—structure（结构）—properties（性能）—performance（性能） 7、why study material science and engineering（为什么学这门课） （1）、one of selecting the right material from the many thousands that are available （2）、三个基本决定因素 * the in-service conditions must be characterized,for these will dictate the properties required of the material.（使用条件） * any deterioration（老化）of material properties that may occur during service operation.（使用环境） * economic（经济） 8、classification（分类）：metals ceramics polymers composites semiconductors biomaterials 第二章 1、crystalline（晶体）：atomic arrangement in the solid state. Noncrystalline（非晶体）： 2、lattice（点阵、晶格）：An infinite array of points in space，in which each point has identical surroundings to all others. A three dimensional array of points coinciding with atom positions(or atomic sphere center) 3、unit cell（单胞）：the smallest component of the crystal，which when stacked together with pure translation repetition reproduces the whole crystal. 4、最常见的三种晶体结构： FCC：has a unit cell of cubic geometry with atoms located at each of the corners and centers of all the cube face.（除八个顶点外，每个面心上有一个点阵） a=b=c， 配位数（coordination）：6 APF=0.74 体积： BCC：has a unit cell of cubic geometry with atoms located at eight c