Chapter Three Differeces in the way of thinking2课件.pptVIP

*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;*;汉语习惯于人称化的说法，即采用能主动发出动作或有生命的事物充当主语。 英语习惯于物称化的说法，往往用不能主动发出动作或无生命的事物充当主语。这种句式常常带有拟人化色彩，结构严谨，型简意赅。这一特征在书面语、尤其在新闻、科技论述、学术文献中较为明显。;一、英语物称化（无生命）主语句特点 ;汉译英时，可将汉语的时间或地点状语转化为英语中表示时间、地点的名词做主语，使得英文更加简练地道。;B. 表示生理、心理状态的名词和表示某种遭遇的名词做主语：;C. 具有行为和动作意义的名词作主语：;从语法角度看，英语的物称与英语中的名词化倾向有关。名词化即用名词表达动作、行为等本来由动词表达的意义。英语书面文体中，常用此类名词或名词词组充当主语。;汉译英时，汉语中的一些“话题-评论”型结构的句子，可以运用汉语动词转英语名词这一规律进行翻译。;由于出生率激增，这个国家越来越贫穷。 The explosion of births has made the country poorer and poorer. 她疾病缠身，没有信心挑起这副重担。 Her sickness robbed her of her confidence that she could carry the load.;你若寄人篱下三个月，哪怕是至爱亲朋，你也会在人们身上看出人性的一面。 Dependence on one’s closest relations or great friends for three months will help one discover the other aspect of the human nature. 讲话人大量使用俚语，这使得学生们困惑不解。 The speaker’s extensive use of slang confused the students.;汉语的话题常由“对于……来说”、“关于……”、“至于……”、“涉及……”、“要说到……”等引出。 英语也有相应的引导词语，如: about …, as for…, as far as …, with regard to…, in the case of…。 关于她的家庭我一无所知。 V1：As for her family, I know nothing about it. V2: I know nothing about her family. ;对干部和共产党员来说，廉政建设要作为大事来抓。 V1: As for cadres and Party members, they should take the building of a clean government as a matter of great importance. V2: Cadres and Party members should consider it of prime importance to build a clean government. ;D.使用非人称it ;It doesn’t make much difference whether we do it this way or that way. 我们这样做还是那样做都无关紧要。 It occurred to me that she might have forgotten the date. 我突然想起她也许忘记了日期。;2.用来指天气、时间、距离、环境等。;3.用来表示一种笼统的情况。;他的声音是那么肯定而平静。而我好像突然明白了一直不做声的丈夫心中的那一份痛惜的感觉，……。 His voice was so sure yet so calm. It suddenly dawned on me that taciturn as he had been all the time, there was regret deep in his heart. It dawned on me that I’d left the oven on. The truth finally dawned on him.;你可以想像得出，成千上万的影迷的那些表示敬慕和恳求的信件一定把她弄得应接不暇。 V1：You can imagine that she is now besieged with adoring and pleading notes from thousands of her fans.