3-supplement孔隙率.ppt

* 土壤的基本物理性质 土壤质地 Soil Texture 土壤结构 Soil structure 土壤空隙 soil porosity 土壤酸碱度 soil PH 土壤温度 soil temperature 1. Soil Texture Soil Texture indicates the relative content of particles of various sizes, such as sand, silt and clay in the soil Textural Classification Triangle (USDA) International Standard (International Society of Soil Science)? FAO Standard The critical diameter between sand and silt in ISSS is 0.05, while 0.02 in USDA and FAO Particle Size Distribution Curve PSD(GSD) is a mathematical function that defines the relative amount, typically by mass, of particles present according to size Measures of Gradation D (percent); D10; D90 D50 is called mass-median diameter Soil type?? Soil type?? 2. Soil Structure Soil structure is the arrangement of pores and fissures (porosity) within a matrix of solid materials (soil particles and organic matter). water holding capacity Infiltration Permeability root penetration respiration 2. Soil Structure Only about 50% (at most) of soil is solid material Water/gases/Organisms / Organic matter/nutrients 2. Soil Structure Porosity (to represent aeration, water storage capacity, plant wilting point and drainage) Permeability (to represent infiltration, drainage and respiration) Bonding and aggregation (to represent how the solids group together and the construction materials used) Soil strength (to represent toughness and resilience of structures) 2. Soil Structure Tilth and ease of tillage (time and costs) Trafficability (go and no-go periods) Irrigation management (frequency and intensity) Runoff and water quality Crusts, sealing, erosion and deposition Root exploration – occupation of soil, root deformation, root health Density (porosity and compaction) Waterlogging 2. Soil Structure Granular (high permeability) Aggregated (high permeability) Blocky (moderate permeability) Columnar/prismatic (moderate permeability) Platy (low permeability) Massive (low permeability) 2. Soil Structure Blocky (moderate permeability) Columnar