转录后修饰.pptVIP

microRNA ta-siRNAs nat-siRNAs ra-siRNAs The Biogenesis Of Small RNAs In Plants Vazquez 2006 * Transcriptionally active chromatin regions tend to be hyperacetylated and hypomethylated.? If a region of DNA or a gene is destined for silencing, chromatin remodeling enzymes such as histone deacetylases and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers likely begin the gene silencing process.? One or more of these activities may recruit DNA methyltransferase resulting in DNA methylation, followed finally by recruitment of the methyl-CpG binding proteins.? The region of DNA will then be heritably maintained in an inactive state. * Inheritance of the DNA methylation pattern.? The DNA methyltransferase can methylate only the CG sequence paired with methylated CG.? The CG sequence not paired with methylated CG will not be methylated.? Hence,? the original pattern can be maintained after DNA replication. * Figure 1: DNA methylation induces Histone de-acetylation, modification which characterizes histones in both heterochromatin and repressed euchromatin. MeCP2 specifically binds to methylated DNA, and recruits an HDAC which de-acetylates histones (Ac= Acetyl; Me= Methyl; MeCP2= Methyl-CpG binding Protein 2; HDAC= Histone De-Acetylase).Figure 2: Histone H3-K9 methylation induces DNA methylation, modification which characterizes DNA in heterochromatin and repressive euchromatin.SUVAR39H is a methyltransferase which specifically methylates the Lysine 9 of histone H3. Such a methylation creates a binding site for the Heterochromatin Protein HP1 which recruits a DNA methyl transferase, capable to methylate the CpG in DNA (Me= Methyl; Methyl H3-K9= Methyl on Lysin 9 of Histone H3; HP1=Heterochromatin Protein 1; DNMT=DNA Methyl transferase). * 下图左侧为b,右侧为c。 Representative examples of DNA methylation within a gene-poor region of A. thaliana heterochromatin (positions14950000 on chromosome 3; b) and within a gene-rich region of euchromatin (positions 6443000–6508000 on chromos