刺鳖生物学和人工繁殖的研究进展.pdfVIP

第 33 卷 第 1 期 广东海洋大学学报 Vol.33 No.1 2013 年 2 月 Journal of Guangdong Ocean University Feb. 2013 刺鳖生物学及人工繁殖的研究进展 袁显春，何小燕，于 毅，殷守仁，潘 志 （北京市水产技术推广站，北京 100021 ） 摘 要：介绍国内外有关刺鳖生物学和人工繁殖两方面的研究成果。根据形态特征数据，刺鳖可分为 7 个亚种，但 根据分子系统地理学理论，刺鳖则分为 2 个地理种群，且认为 A. S. hartwegi 与 A. S. spinifera 为异名同种；刺鳖食 性为肉食性兼腐食性，虾类和水生昆虫为其主要食物的重要组成部分；水体 DO 丰富时，刺鳖可耐受不低于 3 ℃的 低温条件，但对缺氧状态耐受力较低；刺鳖性别由基因决定但未发现异形性染色体，野生雌性约 9 龄性成熟，繁殖 力低；刺鳖与珍珠鳖（Apalone ferox ）杂交是可行的。基于相关内容研究现状，提出了有关分类学、冬眠生理、以 及资源开发利用的研究方向。 关键词：刺鳖；分类地位；生活习性；繁殖习性；人工繁殖 中图分类号：Q178.51 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-9159 （2013 ）01-0093-06 A Review on Biology and Reproduction of Apalone spinifera YUAN Xian-chun, HE Xiao-yan, YU Yi, YIN Shou-ren, PAN Zhi （Beijing Aquatic Product Technology Promotion Department, Beijing, 100021, China ） Abstract: Apalone spinifera was an indigenous species in the Central and the Northern America. In this article, a review was given on the biology (such as taxonomic status, living habit, breeding habit) of A. spinifera and artificial propagation. According to morphological characteristics, seven subspecies were recorded. But 2 geographical populations were mentioned by the research of molecular phylogeography, and A. S. hartwegi was synonym of A. S. spinifera from the same study. Based on the data of stomach content, A. spinifera were mainly carnivorous, sometimes were saprophagous, and crawfish and water insects were of importance for this softshelled turtle. A. spinifera could tolerate low-temperature ( ≥3 ℃) with