学位与论文中如何使用MLA格式.pptVIP

MLA vs. APA;Which should you use? Ask each of your teachers which style they want you to use. If they have no preference, you can use any or follow these guidelines： APA: psychology, education, and other social sciences. MLA: literature, arts, and humanities. Chicago: used with all subjects in the real world by books, magazines, newspapers, and other non-scholarly publications. ;MLAAPA;MLAAPA;MLAAPA;MLA Style (4 or more authors) The study was extended for two years, and only after results were reviewed by an independent panel did the researchers publish their findings (Blaine et al. 35). APA Style (2 authors) Others, like Jakobson and Waugh (1978, pp. 210-15), hold the opposite point of view. Research (Yamada Matsuura, 1982) reports the poor performance of advanced English learners who could use English articles correctly only in 70 percent of the cases. ;APA Style (3 to 5 authors) 第一次引用： According to educational psychologists, raising children is a responsibility of the entire community (Franklin, Childs, Smith, 1995). 以后的引用： To be successful, “communities must be willing to take this responsibility” (Franklin et al., 1995, p. 135). APA Style (6 or more authors) Patterns of Byzantine intrigue have long plagued the internal politics of community college administration in Texas (Douglas et al., 2003, p. xxx) MLA不使用“”， APA不使用“and”。 ;MLAAPA;MLAAPA;APA Style 按APA规范，同一作者的不同文献可用出版年份来区别，如：(Zhang, 1997)， (Zhang, 1999)，(Zhang, 2004) 。 同一作者的多篇文献，文献按发表次序排列，如：(Zhang, 1997, 1999, 2004)。 同年发表的多个文献应对年份另加字母，以示区别，正文后参考文献著录中相应的条目里的年份应加同样的字母，如：(Bloom, 2003a, 2003b)。 Shakespeare’s King Lear has been called a “comedy of the grotesque” (Frye, 1982, p. 237).;Citing indirect source 论文应尽可能避免使用非直接文献（即二级文献secondary source），但在无法找到直接文献（即一级文献primary source）的情况下，引文可以从非直接文献中析出。 MLA Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 450). 注意：“qtd. in”中的字