If引导的虚拟语气.pptVIP

后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，if引导的非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。 也就是：①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示②与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示 ③与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加动词形式 　 虚拟语气中省略if：在书面语中，如果从句的谓语中有were, had 或should, 就可以省略if, 并将were, had 或should 放到句首。当然，如果从句没有were, had, 或should,就不能省略if. If I were to do it, I`d do it some other way. →Were I to do it, I’d do it some other way. If you should fail, try again. →Should you fail, try again. If you had been here earlier, you would have seen him. →Had you been here earlier, you would have seen him. I would have bought the house If I had had enough money. →I would have bought the house had I had enough money. Note： 省略了if的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。 Were it not for the expense, I would go to Italy. （√） Weren’t it for the expense, I would go to Italy.（×） But for your help, I couldn’t have done it. Without electricity human life would be quite different today. 练习：请用介词短语代替条件状语从句 1. 要不是你的帮助，我就失败了。 2. 如果没有恰当的控制手段，核反应堆就会爆炸（核反应堆 nuclear reactor）。 4.1 Wish/ if only 的用法 用在“wish+宾语从句”中，表示很难实现或不能实现的愿望，可以翻译为“但愿…”, “悔不该…”等。 表示对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去式（be动词用were）； 表示对过去的假设，从句的谓语动词用 “had+过去分词” 表示对将来的愿望，从句的谓语动词用“would (could)+动词原形 表示与现在事实不相符的假设事件 1. V-ed 主语+ wish/ if only + that+ 2. were 3. would/could/should+V I wish that he were my boyfriend. I wish that he cared for me. I wish that he could help me when I an in trouble. 表示与过去事实想法的假设 主语+ wish/ if only + that+ 1. 过去完成时 2. would/could/should+V +have done I wish that he had been my boyfriend at that time. I wish that she could have helped me when I wan in trouble. 与将来事实相反 主语+ wish/ if only + that+ would/could/might+动词原形 I wish you would agree with me. If only the rain would stop. I wish I could see the situation through his eyes. 注意：wish 与hope接宾语从句的区别在于： hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。 Wish表示很难或不大可能实现的愿望，宾语从句用虚拟语气。 请比较： We hope we