unit1先进工程.ppt

Composites 复合材料 Composites are formed from two or more types of materials. Examples include polymer/ceramic and metal/ceramic composites. Composites are used because overall properties of the composites are superior to those of the individual components. 复合材料由两种或更多材料构成。例子有聚合物/陶瓷和金属/陶瓷复合材料。之所以使用复合材料是因为其全面性能优于组成部分单独的性能。 For example: polymer/ceramic composites have a greater modulus than the polymer component, but aren’t as brittle as ceramics. Two types of composites are: fiber-reinforced composites and particle-reinforced composites. 例如：聚合物/陶瓷复合材料具有比聚合物成分更大的模量，但又不像陶瓷那样易碎。 复合材料有两种：纤维加强型复合材料和微粒加强型复合材料。 Fiber-reinforced Composites 纤维加强型复合材料 Reinforcing fibers can be made of metals, ceramics, glasses, or polymers that have been turned into graphite and known as carbon fibers. Fibers increase the modulus of the matrix material. 加强纤维可以是金属、陶瓷、玻璃或是已变成石墨的被称为碳纤维的聚合物。纤维能加强基材的模量。 Matrix n. ①(生物形成生长的)母体, 母体组织;【解】子宫 ②发源地, 策源地 ③【生】细胞间质, 基质 ④【矿】母岩, 杂矿石, 基岩;【地质】脉石, 填质; (岩石中化石等的)痕印 ⑤【冶】(合金的)基体 ⑥【刷】纸型, 字模 ⑦唱片模子 ⑧【数】阵, 矩阵, 真值表, 母式;【无】矩阵变换电路; 【语】主句、独立句 The strong covalent bonds along the fiber’s length give them a very high modulus in this direction because to break or extend the fiber the bonds must also be broken or moved. 沿着纤维长度有很强结合力的共价结合在这个方向上给予复合材料很高的模量，因为要损坏或拉伸纤维就必须破坏或移除这种结合。 Fibers are difficult to process into composites, making fiber-reinforced composites relatively expensive. 把纤维放入复合材料较困难，这使得制造纤维加强型复合材料相对昂贵。 Covalent adj. [化]共有原子价的, 共价的 covalent bond 共价键 Thermoset n. 热固树脂,热固塑料 adj. 热固的 Thermoplastic adj. 热塑性的 n. 热塑性塑料 Becoming soft when heated and hard when cooled. 热塑的：加热时变软冷却时变硬的 Fiber-reinforced composites are used in some of the most advanced, and therefore most expensive sports equipment, such as a time-trial racing bicycle frame which consists of carbon fibers in a thermoset polymer matrix. 纤维加强型复合材料用于某些最先进也是最昂贵的运动设备，例如计时赛竞赛用自行车骨架就是用含碳纤维的热固塑料基材制成的。 Body parts of race cars and some automobiles are composites made of glass fibers (or