第3章计算机系统结构.pptVIP

Chapter 3 Computer System Architecture 专业英语 Chapter 3 Computer System Architecture * parallel processing 并行处理 serial operations 串行操作 instruction stream 指令流 data stream 数据流 SISD 单指令单数据流 SIMD 单指令多数据流 MISD 多指令单数据流 MIMD 多指令多数据流 pipeline processing 流水线处理 combinational circuit 组合电路 multiplier 乘法器 adder 加法器 clock pulse 时钟脉冲 vector processing 向量处理 one-dimensional array 一维数组 scalar processor 标量处理器 vector instruction 向量指令 CISC 复杂指令集计算机 decoder 译码器 RISC 精简指令集计算机 backwards compatibility 向下兼容 Technical terms and proper names Parallel processing is a term used to denote a large class of techniques that are used to provide simultaneous data-processing tasks for the purpose of increasing the computational speed of a computer system. 3.1 Parallel Processing 并行处理是一个用来描述为了提高计算机系统的处理速度而采用的一系列提供并发数据处理能力技术的术语。 3.1 Parallel Processing The purpose of parallel processing is to speed up the computer processing capability and increase its throughout, that is, the amount of processing that can be accomplished during a given interval of time. 并行处理的目的是加快计算机的处理速度并增加其吞吐量，所谓吞吐量是在制定规定的时间间隔内所完成的指令。 3.1 Parallel Processing There are a variety of ways that parallel processing can be classified. It can be considered from the internal organization of the processors, from the interconnection structure between processors, or from the flow of information through the system. 对并行处理进行分类的方法有很多, 可以通过其内部处理器的结构，通过处理器间的连接方式或通过信息在系统中的流动方式来加以分类。 Pipelining is a technique of decomposing a sequential process into suboperations, with each subprocess being executed in a special dedicated segment that operates concurrently with all other segments. 3.2 Pipelining 流水线是将顺序处理过程分解成子操作的技术，每个子过程在一个专门的分段中被执行并与其他所有的子过程并发地运行。 There is a class of computational problems that are beyond the capabili