大学英语语法简介.pptVIP

Introduction 一、英语语法的特点 二、大学英语语法的重难点 三、如何掌握英语语法 四、英语语法的构成 五、大学英语的三个层面 六、本课程的目录 一、英语语法的特点 一、 汉语中有很多无主语句子或省略主语的句子，在用英语表达时，须补出主语（祈使句的情形例外）。如： 1、暑假过得很开心  The summer vacation is happy. We had a good time in the summer vacation. 2、天气糟透了。整天刮大风下大雨的。  The weather was so bad. It blew hard and rained heavily all the day. 3、考试没过别泄气。  Don’t lose heart if you don’t pass the exam. 二、汉语中有很多无生物名词作主语，但在英语中要改用生物即人作主语。如： 1、你的英语真棒。 Your English is excellent.  You are excellent in English. 2、史密斯先生双目失明。 Mr Smith’s eyes are blind.  Mr Smith is blind in both eyes. 三、汉语中的一些句子以生物即人作主语，但受表语形容词的制约，在英语中不可以人为主语。如： 1、你方便的话，请在六点钟来。 Please come at six if you are convenient. Please come at six if it is convenient to you. 2、你很难说服他不去逛街。 You are difficult to persuade him to go shopping. It is difficult for you to persuade him to go shopping. 但是可以说：English is difficult to learn for some people. 四、汉语中有大量的无谓语动词句子，但英语是一种以动词为中心的语言，每个句子几乎都少不了谓语动词（省略句除外）。如： 1、这本书值得一读。 The book worth reading. The book is worth reading. 2、我父母每天都很忙。 My parents very busy every day. My parents are very busy every day. 五、汉语中及物动词与不及物动词、状态动词与动作动词的差别不大，界限不明，但在英语中却有严格区别和固定的用法模式。如： 1、他与她结婚了。 He married with her. (with 是多余的) 2、凡是党和人民所要求的，我一定做到。 I’ll do what the Party and the people require me. (require of) 3、我开始学英语到现在已有十年了。 I have begun to learn English for ten years. It has been ten years since I began to learn English. 4、这本杂志我可以借多久？ How long can I borrow this magazine? How long can I keep this magazine? (borrow 是表示瞬间行为的动作动词，不能与how long 连用。) 5、父亲直到半夜才睡觉。 Father went to bed until midnight. Father didn’t go to bed until midnight. / Father stayed up until midnight. 六、汉语词形没有变化；英语却有丰富的词形变化。如： 医生建议他每天喝两杯牛奶。 The doctor suggest that he drinks two glass of milk every day. The doctor suggests that he drink two glasses of milk every day. 英语中名、