氢原子模型和玻尔理论.doc

渤海大学 本科毕业论文 题 目： 氢原子模型和玻尔理论 学生姓名： 主修专业： 物理学教育 所在院（系）： 物理系 入学年度： 2007年 完成日期： 2011年6月1日 指导教师：  氢原子模型和玻尔理论 张珊珊 渤海大学物理系 摘要：从电子的发现引出了汤姆逊的原子模型，即“枣糕”模型。然后由粒子散射实验推翻了汤姆逊的原子模型从而引出了卢瑟福的核式结构模型。但是，由于卢瑟福的核式模型建立在经典理论基础上，在面对原子的稳定性和原子光谱的规律性时显得无能为力。所以玻尔理论应运而生了。本文分别从玻尔理论的基本假设，玻尔理论对氢光谱的解释，玻尔理论的贡献和局限性，以及玻尔理论的推广和重要修正等几个方面由浅及深、一环扣一环的对玻尔理论进行了透彻的阐述和分析，最后在结语里着重分析了我们应该如何看待玻尔理论这一保留了过多经典理论有一定的局限性却贡献巨大的经典理论。最后在附页上对玻尔——索莫菲及他一生的贡献做了简介。希望世人能够永远记住这位巨人。 关键词：氢原子；电子；(粒子；玻尔理论；量子化  Hydrogen Atom Model and The Theory of Bohr Zhang Shan-Shan Department of Physics, Bohai university Abstract ：This paper from the e-discovery leads to the Thomson atomic model, the "date pudding" model.?And then overturned by the scattering experiment the atomic model of Thomson and thus leads to the Rutherford's nuclear structure model.?However, Rutherford's nuclear model in the classical style based on the theory of atoms in the face of stability and regularity of atomic spectra when the look powerless.?So Bohr theory came into being.?This paper from the Bohr theory of the basic assumptions of the Bohr theory to explain the hydrogen spectrum, Bohr theory of the contributions and limitations, as well as the promotion of Bohr theory and important amendments to several aspects such as the shallow and deep, inter-related?The Bohr theory of a thorough understanding and analysis, and finally analyzed in the conclusion in the Bohr theory of how should we retain much of the classical theory has some limitations have made great contributions to the classical theory.?Finally, with the attached page, to the Bohr — Suomo Fei and made contributions to his life Introduction.?Hope that the world will forever remember the giant. Key words ：the hydrogen atom; electronic; particle; Bohr theory; quantization 目 录 引 言 一、原子